Ankle/Foot Flashcards
Supination of Foot
plantarflexion, inversion, adduction
Pronation of Foot
Dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction
Posterior tibiofibular ligament
Limits talar abduction, stabilizes the talus within the mortise
Anterior tibiofibular ligament
Resists inversion and plantarflexion of ankle
Deltoid ligament
Reinforces medial side of the ankle and limits excessive eversion.
Calcaneofibular ligament
resists against inversion, can also resist dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
Normal talocrural joint ROM
Dorsiflexion: 15 - 25
Plantarflexion: 40 – 55
subtalar joint arthrokinematics pronation
medial slide; accessory movement
subtalar joint arthrokinematics supination
lateral slide; accessory movement
Tarsometatarsal (TMT) Joints coupling patterns
Dorsiflexion is paired with inversion
Plantarflexion is paired with eversion
Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) Joints ROM
Flexion (30 – 40)
extension (65 – 85)
Dorsiflexion and inversion foot muscles
extensor hallucis longus, tibialis anterior
dorsiflexion and eversion foot muscles
extensor digitorum longus, fibula’s tertius
Plantarflexion and inversion foot muscles
tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, achilles tendon
plantar flexion and eversion foot muscles
fibulas brevis and fibular longus
Hallux Limitus
Usually a hyperextension injury of the great toe
Hallux Valgus
TMT adduction with possible lateral MTP dislocation and eversion
anterior (pre tibial) compartment gait activity
In early stance, the pretibials slow down plantar flexion and in late phase, they help to ensure clearance.
Lateral compartment gait activity
in early phase, the rear foot pronates, mid/late phase, it decelerates subtalar supination, and in late phase, it plantar flexes and contributes to contralateral weight transfer
posterior compartment gait activity
during foot flat to heel off, it decelerates dorsiflexion. During heel off to toe off, it activates concentrically for push
tibialis posterior gait activity during stance phase
controlled lowering of arch, concentric raising of arch