Animal Transmitted Diseases

Question 1

Are cold-blooded or warm-blooded animals susceptible to rabies?

Answer 1

Warm-blooded

Question 2

How is rabies transmitted?

Answer 2

Via an animals bite or scratch

Question 3

What is a pathogenicity of rabies?

Answer 3

It multiplies in the wound and enters the PNS via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the nerve surface
The virus spreads to the CNS causing encephalitis

Question 4

What are the symptoms of rabies?

Answer 4

Non-specific- nausea, sore throat
Neurological- pupil dilation, anxiety, excessive salivation, throat spasms, convulsions, coma, respiratory paralysis, death

Question 5

What is the treatment for rabies?

Answer 5

There is no treatment

Pre and post exposure vaccines are vital

Question 6

What is rickettsia?

Answer 6

A small, obligate parasite

Question 7

What are the symptoms of rickettsia?

Answer 7

Headache
Fever
Rash

Question 8

What is the treatment for rickettsia?

Answer 8

Tetracycline
Doxycycline
- antibiotics

Question 9

What does the rickettsia parasite cause?

Answer 9

Spotted Fever

Typhus

Question 10

What is a pathogenicity of rickettsia?

Answer 10

The bacteria replicate at the site of the tick bite, leading to tissue necrosis, bacteria spreads to the blood vessels and undergoes further replication before the cells lyse - which leads to haemorrhaging and a rash

Question 11

How is the rickettsia parasite spread?

Answer 11

Through the bite of infected ticks or mites or by the feces of infected lice or fleas

Question 12

What is a zoonose?

Answer 12

Infection that occur in both animals and humans

Animals usually act as a reservoirs and often humans are only occasionally infected

Question 13

What are the two routes of infection of animal transmitted diseases?

Answer 13

Direct via animal/ human contact

Indirect via a vector such as a tick, flea, mosquito

Question 14

How can we control zoonoses?

Answer 14

Drug treatment and vaccination of humans
Control of wild animals
Control of vector populations

Question 15

How is the plague spread

Answer 15

Carried by rodents and transmitted to humans via fleas

Question 16

What bacteria causes the plague?

Answer 16

Yersinia Pestis

Question 17

How are the bubonic plague and pneumonic plague different to the normal plague?

Answer 17

Bubonic has buboes

Pneumonic plague infects the lungs and is transmitted via respiratory routes

Question 18

Which vector transmits malaria?

Answer 18

The female anopheles mosquito

Question 19

What are the symptoms of malaria?

Answer 19

Neck stiffness, abnormal breathing, fever over 40 degrees

Question 20

Treatment for malaria

Answer 20

Quinine- kills sporozites
Chloroquine- acts within RBCs
primaquine- acts outside RBCs

Question 21

Control of malaria

Answer 21

Mosquito elimination through the use of pesticides
Removal of mosquito breeding habitats
Personal protection e.g. nets

Question 22

What are the natural evolutions that provide protection against malaria?

Answer 22

Sickle cell disease
Glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
Thalassemia

Question 23

What is the lifecycle of malaria?

Answer 23

Sporozoites from the mosquito are injected into the host when blood is drawn
The sporozoites travel to the liver where they enter the parenchymal cells
The parasite replicates to form a schizont which divides into merozoites
The merozoites rupture the liver cells and enter the blood stream, invading RBCs

Question 24

Treatment for malaria

Answer 24

Quinine- kills sporozoites
Chloroquine- acts within RBCs
primaquine- acts outside RBCs