Animal Transmitted Diseases Flashcards
Are cold-blooded or warm-blooded animals susceptible to rabies?
Warm-blooded
How is rabies transmitted?
Via an animals bite or scratch
What is a pathogenicity of rabies?
It multiplies in the wound and enters the PNS via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the nerve surface
The virus spreads to the CNS causing encephalitis
What are the symptoms of rabies?
Non-specific- nausea, sore throat
Neurological- pupil dilation, anxiety, excessive salivation, throat spasms, convulsions, coma, respiratory paralysis, death
What is the treatment for rabies?
There is no treatment
Pre and post exposure vaccines are vital
What is rickettsia?
A small, obligate parasite
What are the symptoms of rickettsia?
Headache
Fever
Rash
What is the treatment for rickettsia?
Tetracycline
Doxycycline
- antibiotics
What does the rickettsia parasite cause?
Spotted Fever
Typhus
What is a pathogenicity of rickettsia?
The bacteria replicate at the site of the tick bite, leading to tissue necrosis, bacteria spreads to the blood vessels and undergoes further replication before the cells lyse - which leads to haemorrhaging and a rash
How is the rickettsia parasite spread?
Through the bite of infected ticks or mites or by the feces of infected lice or fleas
What is a zoonose?
Infection that occur in both animals and humans
Animals usually act as a reservoirs and often humans are only occasionally infected
What are the two routes of infection of animal transmitted diseases?
Direct via animal/ human contact
Indirect via a vector such as a tick, flea, mosquito
How can we control zoonoses?
Drug treatment and vaccination of humans
Control of wild animals
Control of vector populations
How is the plague spread
Carried by rodents and transmitted to humans via fleas
What bacteria causes the plague?
Yersinia Pestis
How are the bubonic plague and pneumonic plague different to the normal plague?
Bubonic has buboes
Pneumonic plague infects the lungs and is transmitted via respiratory routes
Which vector transmits malaria?
The female anopheles mosquito
What are the symptoms of malaria?
Neck stiffness, abnormal breathing, fever over 40 degrees
Treatment for malaria
Quinine- kills sporozites
Chloroquine- acts within RBCs
primaquine- acts outside RBCs
Control of malaria
Mosquito elimination through the use of pesticides
Removal of mosquito breeding habitats
Personal protection e.g. nets
What are the natural evolutions that provide protection against malaria?
Sickle cell disease
Glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
Thalassemia
What is the lifecycle of malaria?
Sporozoites from the mosquito are injected into the host when blood is drawn
The sporozoites travel to the liver where they enter the parenchymal cells
The parasite replicates to form a schizont which divides into merozoites
The merozoites rupture the liver cells and enter the blood stream, invading RBCs
Treatment for malaria
Quinine- kills sporozoites
Chloroquine- acts within RBCs
primaquine- acts outside RBCs
