Animal Physiology

Question 1

the study of how animals work

Answer 1

Animal Physiology

Question 2

study the structure and function of the various parts of an animal, and how these parts work together to allow animals to perform their normal behaviors and to respond to their environments.

Answer 2

Animal Physiology

Question 3

are multicellular organism that feeds on organic matter, motile, have specialized sense organs and capable of
rapid response to a specific stimulus.

Answer 3

Animals

Question 4

are interrelated,
not independent, entities

Answer 4

Animal and its Environments

Question 5

are the “big three” in the set of physical and chemical
conditions that set the stage for life.

Answer 5

Temperature
oxygen
water

Question 6

Ability or tendency of the
body or biological
systems to maintain
stability while adjusting to
conditions that are optimal
for survival.

Answer 6

HOMEOSTASIS

Question 7

homeo means

Answer 7

similar

Question 8

stasis means

Answer 8

stand or stay

Question 9

is essential for the
survival of each cell, and each cell, through its specialized activities,
contributes as part of a body system to the maintenance of the internal environment shared by all cells.

Answer 9

Homeostasis

Question 10

THE FACTORS OF THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT THAT ARE OFTEN HOMEOSTATICALLY REGULATED ARE: (8)

Answer 10

Concentration of energy-rich
molecules.

Concentration of O2 and CO2.

Concentration of waste products.

pH

Concentration of water, salt, and other electrolytes

Volume and pressure.

Temperature

Social parameters

Question 11

Homeostatic Abilities of
Animals (3)

Answer 11

Conformers
Regulators
Avoiders

Question 12

allow internal conditions to
change when faced with variation in external conditions.

Answer 12

Conformers

Question 13

maintain relatively constant
internal conditions
regardless of the
conditions in the
external environment

Answer 13

Regulators

Question 14

not be capable of internal
regulation but which nevertheless can
minimize internal variations by avoiding environmental disturbances.

Answer 14

Avoiders

Question 15

Physiological Response (2)

Answer 15

Acute Responses
Chronic Responses

Question 16

are responses exhibited
during the first minutes or hours after an
environmental change.

Answer 16

Acute Responses

Question 17

are expressed following
prolonged exposure to new environmental
conditions.

Answer 17

Chronic Responses

Question 18

is a chronic response in which the new
environment differs from the preceding environment in just a few highly defined ways

Answer 18

Acclimation

Question 19

is a chronic response of individuals to a changed environment when the new and old environments
are different natural environments that can differ in numerous ways, such as winter and summer, or low and high altitudes.

Answer 19

Acclimatization

Question 20

Acclimation and acclimatization are types of

Answer 20

phenotypic plasticity

Question 21

the ability of an individual animal to express two or more genetically controlled
phenotypes.

Answer 21

phenotypic plasticity

Question 22

a physiological loop system wherein the system
responds to a perturbation.

Answer 22

Feedback Mechanisms

Question 23

occurs when a change in a controlled
variable triggers a response that opposes
the change, driving the variable in the
opposite direction of the initial change.

Answer 23

Negative Feedbacks

Question 24

The loop detects the change in output and
acts in the opposite direction to

Answer 24

nullify the stimulus causing the change.

Question 25

is a pathway that in response to a deviation in the output causes the output to change even more in the direction of the initial deviation.

Answer 25

Positive Feedback Mechanism

Question 26

progressively
amplifies the response as long as the
stimulus is continued

Answer 26

positive feedback mechanism