Animal Learning 1 Flashcards
what is involved in learning theory?
- Habituation
- Classical conditioning
- Operant conditioning
- Insight/ concept learning
- Latent learning
What is habituation?
Persistent warning of a response that results from repeated stimulated presentations not followed by any form of reinforcement
What can habituation be divided into what categories?
- Flooding-stimulus presenting at full intensity
- Desensitisation - incremental stages of stimulus intenstity
What is classical conditioning?
- Unconditioned response to a salient stimulus
- An association is made between the salient stimulus to produce a conditioned response
- Conditioned stimulus produces the conditioned response
What factors effect conditioning?
- contiguity (temporal relationship between the signal and reward)
- contingency (probability of reward presentation alongside the signal)
What is involved in conditioning?
- delayed pairing (involves the conditioned stimulus being presented before the unconditioned stimulus, with both ending simultaneously)
- Trace pairing (conditioned stimulus is presented, if time longer than 1/2 a second, trace conditioning is not very effective)
Factors that can affect conditioning?
-latent inhibition (signal-nothing = delayed stimulus response)
-Overshadowing (more salient reward becomes the signal)
-Blocking
What is operant conditioning?
extension of classical conditioning
(signal - voluntary action - reward/aversion avoidance)
- prone to extinction, generalisation and discrimination
What are the stages of learning?
- pavlovian learning/acquisition
- action-outcome
- stimulus-response/ habit formation
What is punishment?
Application of aversive stimuli on performance of a specific behaviour to reduce performance of that behaviour
What is positive punishment?
Application of an aversive stimuli
What is negative punishment?
Removal of desired onject/ event/ environment
