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MODULE 11 - Niche Species > ANIMAL HUSBANDRY - Pigs > Flashcards

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY - Pigs Flashcards

1
Q

What is a gilt?

A

A gilt is an adult female that has not farrowed yet

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2
Q

Name two breeds of pig which are commonly used as dam line sows

A

Landrace
Large white

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3
Q

Identify this breed of pig

A

Landrace

Floppy ears

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4
Q

Identify this breed of pig

A

Large white

Pointy ears

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5
Q

What are terminal sire boars?

A

Terminal sire boars are used for the production of slaughter pigs

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6
Q

Name two breeds of pig which are commonly used as terminal sire boars

A

Pietrain
Hampshire

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7
Q

Identify this breed of pig

A

Pietrain

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8
Q

Identify this breed of pig

A

Hampshire

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9
Q

Name a breed of pig that can be used as both a dam line sow and a terminal sire boar

A

Duroc

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10
Q

Identify this breed of pig

A

Duroc

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11
Q

Name three breeds of pigs commonly used as pets

A

Vietnamese pot-belly
Kune Kune
Micro-pig

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12
Q

Identify this breed of pig

A

Vietnamese pot-belly

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13
Q

Identify this breed of pig

A

Kune Kune

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14
Q

Identify this breed of pig

A

Micro-pig

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15
Q

What is the main company which carries out quality assurance within Scottish pig farms?

A

Quality Meat Scotland

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16
Q

What is the normal temperature range for pigs?

A

38.6 - 39.1°C

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17
Q

What is the normal heart rate for adult pigs?

A

70 - 80bpm

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18
Q

What is the normal heart rate for weaner pigs?

A

90 - 100bpm

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19
Q

What is the normal respiratory rate for adult pigs?

A

13 - 18

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20
Q

What is the normal respiratory rate for weaner pigs?

A

30 - 40

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21
Q

How long is a sow oestrous cycle?

A

21 days

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22
Q

How long is a sow in oestrus?

A

24 - 72 hours

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23
Q

What is the average gestation period for a sow?

A

115 days

3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days

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24
Q

What are the four main advantages of indoor pig production systems?

A

Higher production levels
Reduced feed costs
Easier biosecurity control
You can adapt an existing building into a piggery

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25
Q

What are the three main disadvantages of indoor pig production systems?

A

Public perception
Hight investment costs
Challenging waste management

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26
Q

What is the minimum environmental temperature for a group of sows housed indoors on straw?

A

15°C

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27
Q

What is the minimum environmental temperature for a group of sows housed indoors on concrete?

A

17°C

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28
Q

What is the minimum environmental temperature for an individual boar housed indoors on straw?

A

19°C

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29
Q

What is the minimum environmental temperature for an individual boar housed indoors on concrete?

A

22°C

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30
Q

What are the four main indoor housing requirements for boars?

A

Non-slip and non-abrasive flooring
Solid wall between boars
Good floor drainage
Located near weaned sows

31
Q

What are three possible methods of feeding for indoor sows?

A

Dump feeders
Trickle feeders
Electronic sow feeders (ESF)

32
Q

What are the four main advantages of outdoor pig production systems?

A

Public perception
Lower investment costs
Simple waste management
No planning restrictions

33
Q

What are the six main disadvantages of outdoor pig production systems?

A

Weather
Increased risk of endoparasites
Social stressors
Biosecurity limitations
Increased feed costs
Lower production levels

34
Q

What are three possible methods for feeding outdoor sows?

A

Electronic sow feeders (ESF)
Bucket fed
Trough fed

35
Q

What is the most important amino acid within a pigs diet?

A

Lysine

36
Q

Why is lysine such an important component in a pig diet?

A

Lysine is involved in hormone production

37
Q

How many litres of water should a sow be consuming per day?

A

9 - 18 litres per day

38
Q

What are the main dietary requirements for weaner pigs?

A

Energy: 15 - 18MJ
Protein: 22 - 25%
Lysine: 1.4 - 1.8%
Oil: 7 - 13%

39
Q

What are the main dietary requirements for grower pigs?

A

Energy: 13 - 14MJ
Protein: 16 - 18%
Lysine: 0.75 - 0.9%
Oil: 2%

40
Q

What are the main dietary requirements for finisher pigs?

A

Energy: 13MJ
Protein: 15 - 16%
Lysine: 0.7 - 0.75%
Oil: 2%

41
Q

What are the main dietary requirements for dry (not lactating) sows?

A

Energy: 13 - 13.5MJ
Crude protein: 13 - 14%
Lysine: 0.7 - 0.8%

42
Q

What are the main dietary requirements for lactating sows?

A

Energy: 13 - 14.5MJ
Crude protein: 16 - 19%
Lysine: 1 - 1.2%

43
Q

What are the five consequences of a sow being too fat?

A

Prolonged farrowing
Poor appetite
Poor mammary gland development in gilts
Poor lactation
Higher piglet mortality

44
Q

What are the five consequences of a sow being too thin?

A

Poor lactation
Poor quality/quantity of colostrum
Higher piglet mortality
Reduced litter size
Anoestrus at weaning

45
Q

What is wallowing?

A

Wallowing is a behaviour seen in pigs where they will roll around and cover themselves in mud or water to cool off and protect their skin from the sun

46
Q

What are the three main desirable characteristics for selective breeding of sows?

A

Increased litter size
Increased number of teats
Good mothering

47
Q

What are the three methods of boar contact that can be used to stimulate puberty in gilts?

A

Full contact
Adjacent pens
Vocal and visual contact

48
Q

At what age should gilts be served?

A

32 to 34 weeks of age (or after 2 to 3 oestrous cycles)

49
Q

What is the ideal weight for a gilt before being served?

A

140 - 150kg

50
Q

What are the four factors which could affect oestrus onset in sows?

A

Lactational anoestrus
Stressors
Nutrition during lactation and post-weaning
Seasonal effects (sows are less fertile in autumn)

51
Q

What are the three signs of oestrus in a sow?

A

Restlessness
Mounting
Moist, red, swollen vulva

52
Q

What are the three advantages of artificial insemination (AI) in the pig industry?

A

Introduces new genetics into the herd
Disease control
Supplements natural service so the boar isn’t overworked

53
Q

What is the main disadvantage of artificial insemination (AI) in the pig industry?

A

Reduced conception rates due to operator error

54
Q

At what temperature should boar semen be stored for artificial insemination?

A

17.5°C

55
Q

What are the two essential post service management procedures?

A

Avoid social stressors
Reduce feed level for 72 hours to maximise embryo survival

56
Q

How should you alter the sow diet during gestation?

A

Four to five days post-serving, increase the feed according to body condition and maintain this increased feed for the first 7 weeks of gestation to assist in placental growth. At day 90 of gestation, drop the feed back to maintenance feed. Reduce feed further two days prior to farrowing to prevent udder congestion

57
Q

What are the six signs of farrowing in sows?

A

Restlessness
Loosened vulva
Nesting
Colostrum dripping
Tail twitching
Straining

58
Q

What are the three main factors contributing to piglet mortality at birth?

A

Low birth weight
Below ambient temperature
Poor maternal behaviour

59
Q

Which three management procedures can be done to reduce piglet mortality at birth?

A

Dry the piglets
Use heat lamps/heat pads
Ensure adequate colostrum intake

60
Q

What should be done to treat splayed legs in piglets?

A

If only the hindlimbs are splayed, the legs can be tied

61
Q

Which three processing procedures should be carried out in piglets?

A

Tooth reduction
Tail docking
Iron supplemention

62
Q

What can be done to reduce the risk of Post Weaning Diarrhoea in piglets?

A

Creep feeding from 4 days old to mature the gut in anticipation of weaning

63
Q

In the UK, what is the minimum age at which piglets can be weaned from the sow?

A

Piglets can only be weaned from the sow at 28 days of age

64
Q

How should the sow diet be altered post weaning?

A

When the piglets have been weaned from the sow, reduce the sow feed by half for the first 24 hours. The sow can then be fed ad lib in an attempt to quickly return the sow to a positive energy balance

65
Q

What kind of diet can be used to reduce the weaning to service interval in sows?

A

A high stach and high sugar diet (known as flushing) can reduce the weaning to service interval in sows

66
Q

What is the most common indoor housing system for weaner pigs?

A

Flat deck housing

67
Q

What can be done to allow less dominant pigs to access adequate feed?

A

Leave the lights on during the night to allow less dominant pigs to access food when the more dominant pigs are sleeping

68
Q

How do you calculate the food conversion ratio (FCR)?

A

FRC = Feed Intake / Weight Gain

69
Q

What is the ideal daily live weight gain for a piglet that has been weaned?

A

500g/day

70
Q

Which behaviour is indicative of boredom in pigs?

A

Chewing on the bars or other pigs indicates that pigs are not able to exhibit their natural rooting behaviour

71
Q

What is the ideal live weight for a pig before being slaughtered?

A

88kg live weight

72
Q

How are pigs below 5kg euthanised?

A

Blunt trauma

73
Q

How are pigs above 5kg euthanised?

A

Captive bolt and bleeding out
Shotgun

MODULE 11 - Niche Species (20 decks)

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