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MODULE 11 - Niche Species > ANATOMY - Fish > Flashcards

ANATOMY - Fish Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main groups of fish?

A

Cartilaginous
Teleost

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2
Q

What are the three divisions of the external teleost anatomy?

A

Head
Trunk
Tail

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3
Q

What are the six types of fins found in teleost fish?

A

Dorsal fin
Pectoral fins
Pelvic fins
Adipose fin
Caudal fin
Anal fin

Fins
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4
Q

What is the function of the dorsal fin?

A

The dorsal fin maintains an upright position

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5
Q

What are the functions of the pectoral fins?

A

The pectoral fins steer and manoeuver

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6
Q

What are the functions of the pelvic fins?

A

The pelvic fins steer and manoeuver

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7
Q

What is the function of the adipose fin?

A

The adipose fin has an unknown function

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8
Q

What is the function of the caudal fin?

A

The caudal fin carries out forward propulsion

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9
Q

What is the function of the anal fin?

A

The anal fin maintains an upright position

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10
Q

What kind of tissue makes up teleost fins?

A

Integumentary tissue

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11
Q

What is the skeletal framework that supports the pectoral fins in teleost fish?

A

Pectoral girdle

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12
Q

What is the skeletal framework that supports the pelvic fins in teleost fish?

A

Pelvic girdle

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13
Q

What is the skeletal framework that supports the dorsal, caudal and anal fins in teleost fish?

A

A series of fine bone rays

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14
Q

What is the function of the vertical septa?

A

The vertical septa divides the muscle of teleost fish into right and left halves

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15
Q

What is the function of the horizontal septa?

A

The horizontal septa divides the muscle of teleost fish into epaxial and hypaxial muscles

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16
Q

What is the name of the folded, interlocking blocks of muscle found in teleost fish?

A

Myotomes

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17
Q

What is the name of the connective tissue which separate myotomes?

A

Myosepta

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18
Q

What is the difference between red and white muscle fibres?

A

Red muscle fibres are aerobic and contract during normal movements whereas white muscle fibres are anaerobic and contract during fast movements

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19
Q

(T/F) Teleost fish have more red muscle fibres than white muscle fibres

A

FALSE. Teleost fish have mostly white muscle fibres

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20
Q

What are the four layers of the teleost fish integument?

A

Cuticle
Epidermis
Dermis
Scales

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21
Q

What is the main cell type found in the cuticle layer of the integument?

A

Goblet cells

22
Q

What are the functions of the cuticle layer of the integument?

A

The cuticle layer produces a protective mucous which is fungicidal and bactericidal

23
Q

Which three cell types are found in the epidermal layer of the integument?

A

Stratified, squamous epithelium
Macrophages
Lymphocytes

24
Q

Which three cell types are found in the dermal layer of the integument?

A

Melanophores
Iridophores
Leucophores

25
Q

What is the purpose of the iridophores and leucophores cells present in the dermal layer?

A

The iridophore and leucophore cells have stacks of reflecting plates that allow the fish to camouflage

26
Q

Which structures make up the lateral line system in teleost fish?

A

The lateral line system is a series of neuromasts embedded in gelatinous cupula located along the flank of the fish

27
Q

Which nerve innervates the neuromasts?

A

Vagus nerve

28
Q

Describe briefly how the lateral line system functions in teleost fish

A

When neuromasts are moved by external vibrations or pressure fluctuations, this information is transmitted to the brain which brings about an appropriate response

29
Q

What are the three functions of the lateral line system?

A

Detection of prey
Evasion of predators
Schooling

30
Q

Where are the gills located in teleost fish?

A

The gills are located on either side of the pharynx

31
Q

Describe the structure of teleost gills

A

Each gill is typically composed of a skeletal gill arch supporting two rows of gill filaments (primary and secondary lamellae)

32
Q

What are gill rakers?

A

Gill rakers are spiny projections which prevent debris from entering the gills

33
Q

What is the protective bony flap which covers the gill slits?

A

Operculum

34
Q

What is the precise location of gas exchange in teleost fish?

A

Gas exchange occurs at the secondary lamellae of the gills

35
Q

Describe briefly the process of inspiration in teleost fish

A

Water is taken in through the mouth and passes over the secondary lamellae of the gills where gaseous exchange will take place and dissolved oxygen will be taken up by the lamellae capillary networks

36
Q

Describe briefly the process of expiration in teleost fish

A

Dissolved carbon dioxide moves with the water past the gills and out of the body via the operculum

37
Q

What are the two main chambers of the teleost fish heart?

A

Atrium
Ventricle

38
Q

What are the two sub-chambers of the teleost fish heart?

A

Sinus venosus
Bulbus arteriosus

39
Q

What is the main function of the sinus venosus in teleost fish?

A

The sinus venosus contains pacemaker cells which initiate cardiac contraction

40
Q

What is the main function of the bulbus arteriosus in teleost fish?

A

The bulbus arteriosus acts as a reservoir for ventricular blood during diastole in order to balance out the blood pressure before the blood travels to the gills as the gills are very delicate and can be damaged by high blood pressure

41
Q

What order does deoxygenated blood flow through the different features of the fish heart?

A

Deoxygenated blood flows from the sinus venosus to the atrium, to the ventricle and to the bulbs arteriosus

42
Q

Which aspect of the brain is particularly well developed in fish?

A

Olfactory bulb

43
Q

What is the function of the pyloric caeca?

A

The pyloric caeca secretes digestive enzymes and carries out nutrient absortion

44
Q

What is the only lymph node present in fish?

A

Spleen

45
Q

What is the function of the cranial portion of teleost fish kidneys?

A

The cranial portion of the kidneys carries out haematopoiesis

46
Q

What is the function of the caudal portion of teleost fish kidneys?

A

The caudal portion of the kidneys carries out excretory functions

47
Q

What is the function of the swim bladder in teleost fish?

A

The swim bladder is a gas filled structure that helps to maintain neutral buoyancy in fish

48
Q

Describe the appearance of teleost fish testes

A

Male fish have paired, elongated, tubular testes

49
Q

Describe the appearance of teleost fish ovaries

A

Female fish have paired, elongated ovaries

50
Q

Study the internal anatomy of the teleost fish

A

MODULE 11 - Niche Species (20 decks)

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