Animal Health Flashcards
Why is it important to keep microorganisms out of the animal facilities?
They can be zoonotic, cause diseasse in animals or interfere with research.
Name two rodent vira:
1) coronavirus
2) norovirus
Typical rabbit disease
Pasteurella
What is a fulminant disease?
A disease that causes clinical symptoms
What is a latent infection?
An infection that does not cause clinical symptoms. Latent infections can impact the animal directly and indirectly (eg contamination of biological products)
What is the three step rocket of preventing animal diseases in animal facilities?
1) Rederivation (cesarian section, often done now through artificial insemination)
2) Protection (barrier, isolation)
3) Health monitoring
How can you keep animals in protection?
1) open/conventional (unrestricted access, free movement, no filters)
2) barrier (filters, 3 room slouse entry, autoclave and quarantines - leads to microbiologically defined animals or SPF - defined absence of microorganisms)
3) isolator (filters in inlet and outlet, handling through gloves, materials disinfected and passed through disinfection lock - animals can be kept gnotobiotic - defined absence and presence of certain microorganisms)
What does gnotobiotic mean?
With known microbiota.
How do we monitor health in experimental animals?
1) Sampling of healthy animals in regards to infectious agents. ELISA, serology in general.
What does the term sensitivity mean in regards to health testing?
It illustrates no of positives in a test in regards to total number of positives. If the test has low sensitivity it shows few positives where there are many. Low sensitivity means you have to test a lot of animals.
What three factors do you need to consider when calculating sample size?
1) Prevalence of infected animals (high prevalence means low sample size)
2) the sensitivity of the assay (high means low sample size)
3) the confidence (small sample size is equal to high possibility of making a false negative)
What is the formula for calculating sample size for health monitoring?
sampla size >= (log(confidence)/(log(1-prevalence*sensitivity)
