Animal 5

Question 1

diffusion is only rapid over ___ distances

Answer 1

short

Question 2

circulatory system uses ___ transport. Because it is an effective way to move more material over longer distances in a short period of time

Answer 2

bulk

Question 3

circulatory fluid in an open system

Answer 3

hemolymp

Question 4

circulatory fluid in a closed system

Answer 4

blood

Question 5

double circulation

Answer 5

pulmonary circuit (one circuit: away from heart, to lungs, back to heart)
systemic circuit

Question 6

all capillaries other than pulmonary/lung capillaries; where oxygenated blood is delivered

Answer 6

systemic capillaries

Question 7

vessels that bring blood to heart

Answer 7

veins

Question 8

brings oxygenated blood to the heart

Answer 8

pulmonary vein

Question 9

brings deoxygenated blood to the heart

Answer 9

vena cava

Question 10

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Answer 10

arteries

Question 11

carries oxygenated blood away from the heart

Answer 11

aorta

Question 12

carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart, to the lungs

Answer 12

pulmonary artery

Question 13

the two smaller chambers of the heart; right and left

Answer 13

atria

Question 14

the two larger chambers of the heart; right and left

Answer 14

ventricles

Question 15

separate the atria from ventricles; have to be pushed open for blood to move from atria into the ventricles

Answer 15

atrioventricular valves

Question 16

pressure in ventricles pushes these open so blood can move out of ventricles and into arteries

Answer 16

semi lunar valves

Question 17

composed of cardiac muscle tissue and the thicker they are, the greater strength of contraction

Answer 17

walls of the heart

Question 18

_____ have thicker walls than atria

Answer 18

ventricles have thicker walls than atria
ventricles have thicker walls than atria
atria only need to force blood into ventricles (not very far) so don’t need to be very strong
when ventricles contract, they have to push blood out arteries to go to lungs or to capillaries throughout rest of body
Need to have thicker layers of muscle to generate force

Question 19

smaller branched vessels coming from arteries

Answer 19

arterioles

Question 20

smallest branched vessels

Answer 20

capillaries

Question 21

bramnches vessels coming from veins

Answer 21

venules

Question 22

: connective tissue, smooth muscle layer, and endothelial

Answer 22

venules and arterioles have the 3 layers

Question 23

SMALLEST VESSELS WITH SINGLE LAYER OF ENDOTHELIAL

Answer 23

cappilaries

Question 24

vein and artery differences

Answer 24

The differences
the Connective tissue and smooth muscle layers of the arteries are much thicker than those layers of the veins
arteries are under greater pressure than veins
heart pressurizes the blood which moves directly into arteries (the veins are later in the system, and are therefore under less pressure)
there are thicker layers of smooth muscle and connective tissue on arteries so they are more elastic and can withstand more pressure

Question 25

takes oxygenated blood away from heart, gives oxygen and nutrients to organs, brings back deoxygenated blood to heart

Answer 25

systemic circuit

Question 26

why do veins have valves but arteries do not

Answer 26

Veins are under low pressure, and are trying to move blood against gravity so it's important for veins to have valves preventing backflow arteries don't have valves

Question 27

muscles that when it contracts it closes an opening, relaxed the opening is open

Answer 27

precapillary sphincters when sphincters are relaxed, blood is able to flow through capillary bed. Blood is able to exchange material with cells surrounding capillary bed if cells in this area don't have high priority for exchanging materials, the sphincters will contract and close the opening so that blood can't flow through capillary bed instead, the blood flows through a "thoroughfare channel" no exchange of material between blood in capillary bed and cells surrounding capillary bed

Question 28

only 5-10% body's capillaries have blood flowing through them

Answer 28

capillary bed

Question 29

90% of is water | 10% ions, proteins, wastes

Answer 29

plasma

Question 30

cell components of blood

Answer 30

majority of cells are red blood cells whose function is to transport O2 some white blood cells: part of immune system platelets: cell fragments that function in blood clotting

Question 31

human air pathway

Answer 31

mouth/nose→ pharynx→ trachea→ right/left bronchi→ bronchioles→ terminal bronchioles which ends in terminal sac (alveoli)

Question 32

protein that binds oxygen inside red blood cells

Answer 32

hemoglobin

Question 33

bags of hemoglobin; got rid of organelles when they matured to make room to pack more hemoglobin molecules

Answer 33

red blood cells

Question 34

_____hemoglobin can carry ___ oxygen molecules

Answer 34

1; 4

Question 35

how is CO2 transported in the bloodÉ

Answer 35

How is CO2 Transported? can dissolve in plasma portion can travel bound to amino acids on hemoglobin DOES NOT COMPETE WITH O2 FOR OXYGEN BINDING CELLS majorite travels as bicarbonate