Animal 4

Question 1

all animals are ____tropic

Answer 1

heterotropic

Question 2

overall flow and transformation of energy within an organism

Answer 2

bioenegtics

Question 3

true or false:

not all energy and molecules that comes in body actually make it into cells of the body

Answer 3

true
gut is external space
nothing in here has necessarily gone through your body

Question 4

the production/ synthesis of biological molecule

Answer 4

biosynthesis:

Question 5

the metabolic rate of a non-growing endotherm that is at rest, has an empty digestive tract, and is not experiencing stress

Answer 5

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Question 6

amount of energy used per unit time

Answer 6

metabolic rate

Question 7

do large or small animals have higher BMRs

Answer 7

large animals has higher BMR than smaller animals overall but not per body mass

Question 8

elephant or mouse uses more energy

Answer 8

mouse uses smaller overall, but more per unit body mass

Question 9

can be used to determine what:

• oxygen consumption
• caloric intake vs out (food consumption/ waste production)
• heat production
• CO2 production

Answer 9

animal`s energy use

Question 10

nutrients such as amino acids, fatty acids, and minerals that an animals needs to eat as their own body cannot produce them

Answer 10

essential nutrients

Question 11

the chemical and mechanical breakdown of food into absorbable components

Answer 11

digestion

Question 12

animal who plucks out food particles in water

Answer 12

suspension eater

Question 13

filter eater:

Answer 13

type of suspension eater who uses special filter to obtain particles from water

Question 14

animal that lives in or on its food source;

Answer 14

substrate feeders

Question 15

animal that will drink fluid from a living host

Answer 15

fluid feeder

Question 16

animal that consume large bites/ particles of food that need to be chewed or dealt with when they enter the body; most animals

Answer 16

bulk feeder

Question 17

tube extending from mouth to anus

digestion system also consists of other organs

Answer 17

alimentary tube

Question 18

the closing or constriction along the alimentary canal by circular muscles when flexed

Answer 18

the sphincter

Question 19

first site of mechanical AND chemical digestion

Answer 19

oral cavity

Question 20

role of salivary amylase

Answer 20

enzymatic breakdown of carbs

Question 21

PROCESS OF SWALLOWING FOOD

Answer 21

pharnyx opens to tracheea (wind pipe) and esophegous (tube to stomch)
while food passes, the epiglottis closes, cutting off tracheea so food doesnt go down wrong type

Question 22

the alternation contractions and relaxation of paired muscles, allows food to go down esophagus, and down into the stomach

Answer 22

process of peristalsis

Question 23

what is the stomach covered in

Answer 23

surface of stomach is covered in gastric pits and inside these are gastric glands

Question 24

3 cell types of gastric glands

Answer 24

1) mucous cell
2) chief cell
3) parietal cell

Question 25

muccous cell function

Answer 25

produces mucus that provides protection of lining of stomcah

Question 26

chief cell function

Answer 26

produces pepsinogens (inactive form of pepsin)

Question 27

parietal cell function in stomach

Answer 27

yellow, releases H and Cl release ions into lumen (interior stomahc) and come together to form hydrochloric acis. HCl can break down layers around food cells and can activate inactive pepsinogen so it becomes active pepsin (pepsin is enzyme that breaks down proteins chemically)

Question 28

the oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus chemically digests which of these: carbs, protein, nucleic acids, and lipids

Answer 28

carbs

Question 29

the stomach digests which of these | carbs, protein, nucleic acids, and lipids

Answer 29

protein

Question 30

the pancreatic enzymes of the small intestine digest which of these carbs, protein, nucleic acids, and lipids

Answer 30

all of them

Question 31

the epithelial enzymes of the small intestine digest which of these: carbs, protein, nucleic acids, and lipids

Answer 31

carbs proteins nucleic acids

Question 32

why is liver considered accessory organsÉ

Answer 32

it produces bile that drips into the gallbladder where it is stored

Question 33

what triggers bile from gallbladder to go into the small intestine to emulsify itÉ

Answer 33

animal fat

Question 34

how does bile digest fatÉ

Answer 34

breaks the clumped up fat (from the hydrophyillic environment) into small globs so digestive enzymes have more surface area to break down the fat

Question 35

how do we not digest ourselvesÉ

Answer 35

HCl and digestive enzymes are inactive until that are released into the alimentary canal of lumen and also there is a rapid turnover of cells lining the alimentary canal

Question 36

finger like projections that increase surface area located on folds of the stomch

Answer 36

villi

Question 37

smaller villi located on epifedial cells of villi

Answer 37

microvilli

Question 38

how to villi absorb nutrietns

Answer 38

in each villi there is a capillary vessel and a blood vessel that takes nutrients to inside of the capillary lining

Question 39

most of the large intestine is the _____-

Answer 39

colon

Question 40

the structure that functions as fermenting plant material using bactreria that would otherwise be indigestible by our organs

Answer 40

cecum

Question 41

____ and ____ regulate energy storage

Answer 41

glucagon and insulin

Question 42

how does glucagon regulate energy storage

Answer 42

excess energy stored in liver and muscle as glucagon, then as fat in adipose cells

Question 43

how does insulin regulate energy storage

Answer 43

tells body to take up glucose and store as glycagon

Question 44

hormone produced by adipose tissue.

Answer 44

leptin

Question 45

If the animal has good fat storage, leptin levels are ___--> _____ appetite on long-term basis

Answer 45

high | suppressing

Question 46

if animal is undernourished and has little fat stores--> produces less_____,stimulation animal to go out and find food to eat

Answer 46

leptin

Question 47

_____and ____ are secreted in response to food. triggers sensation of fullness. Tells animal to stop eating

Answer 47

PPY and insulin

Question 48

Animal hasn't eaten--> ____ is secreted triggering nerve impulses indicating animal is hungry, has positive effect in satiety center in the brain

Answer 48

ghrelin