Animal 1 Flashcards
characteristics of an animal?
heterotrophic
lack cell wall
eukaryotic
multicellular
capable of movement in some point/stage in their development
possess regulatory genes called hox genes (more in genetics yr2)
functions an animal needs to be able to carry out
reproduce and develop
obtain nutrients and energy and transporting it throughout the body
gas exchange between internal and external environments
protection from external environment, pathogens
maintenance of water and solute concentrations in the internal environment
support and movement (skeletons, muscles)
coordination of body functions
structure and function relationship
structure enables functions
structure constraints function
molecules form _____
organelles
organelles make up _____
cells
cells make up ____
tissues
tissues make up ____
organs
organs make up ______
organ systems
organ systems make up ______
organisms
property of being alive emerges at the _____ level
cell level
ex: molecules not alive; emergent property pair
each level of organisation has properties not exhibited by lower levels. This is called:
emergent properties
all cells must be able to _________ with the environment
exchange materials
how are cells able to exchange materials with environment?
direct contact with external environment
specialized system
the fluid in animals that have closed circulatory systems
interstitial fluid
breakdown of how material moves from cell to blood?
materiel from cell–> interstitial fluid–> blood
the maintenance of a relatively stable environment is called:
homeostasis
why is a stable environment important for a cell?
cells have conditions under which they function optimally
enzymes have certain pH and temperature optimum
large fluctuations would affect efficacy of carrying out these functions
protein structure
could denature
membranes
have to be certain level of fluidity
this changes with temperature
homeostasis is achieved through _____ feedback normally
negative feedback (positive much more rare)
a control mechanism which the responses opposes the original stimulus
negative feeback
a control mechanism in which the responses reinforces the original stimulus
positive feeback
the target for that particular parameter
set point
system attempts to maintain the set point
change in the parameter is called a :
stimulus
receptor that perceives the change in the parameter:
sensor
sensor passes info here, control center decides what to do about stimulus/ determines the response
control center
