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pharm 140 > angina drugs > Flashcards

angina drugs Flashcards

1
Q

angina

A

chest pain that results from ischemia

O2 reqs of heart are greater than supply

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2
Q

4 risk factors for coronary heart disease and angina

A

smoking
diabetes
hyperlipidemia
hypertension

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3
Q

4 types of angina

A

stable angina
unstable angina
prinzmetal/variant angina
microvascular angina

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4
Q

stable angina

A

precipitated by stress

relieved by rest, ntg

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5
Q

unstable angina

A

severe symptoms
less responsive to tx
intermediate of stable angina and MI

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6
Q

variant (prinzmetal’s) angina

A

results from coronary artery spasm

does not necessarily occur with exertion

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7
Q

refractory (intractable) angina

A

incapacitating pain

does not respond to standard tx

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8
Q

beta blockers & angina

A

prevent beta-adrenergic receptions from being stimulated

decreases O2 demand of heart and therefore decreases angina

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9
Q

calcium channel blockers & angina

A

inhibit calcium from moving across cell membranes
decreases contraction, depresses impulse formation (automaticity), slows conduction velocity
arteriolar dilation, decreasing afterload
these effects decrease O2 demands of heart

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10
Q

nitrates & angina

A

dilate vascular smooth muscle and both venous/arterial vessels
venous dilation decreases preload
arterial dilation decreases systematic vascular resistance and arterial pressure (afterload)

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11
Q

when to use ACE inhibitor for CAD

A

when pt also has diabetes, systolic dysfuction, or both

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12
Q

nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)

A

nitrate prototype

improves circulation to the heart by redistributing blood flow to collateral vessels

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13
Q

nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) pharmacokinetics

A

can be IV, oral, topical, sublingual, nasal

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14
Q

nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) pharmacodynamics

A

relaxes vascular smooth muscle and dilates arterial and venous vessels, but more effective on venous side

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15
Q

nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) contraindications

A

hypersensitivity, severe anemia, closed-angle glaucoma

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16
Q

nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) adverse effects

A 
headache
hypotension
tachycardia
vertigo
weakness/syncope
anxiety
17
Q

nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) nursing dx

A

acute pain: r/t cardiac disease
decreased cardiac output: r/t drug therapy
risk for injury: r/t hypotension and dizziness 2/2 drug therapy

18
Q

nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) planning/intervention

A

max therapeutic effect: varies with ROA

min adverse effect: check vitals before admin, monitor BP and assist pt when standing, treat headaches w aspirin/acetominophen

19
Q

nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) pt education

A

instruct pt to sit or lie down when experiencing angina
do not apply patch to distal parts of extremities
make pt aware of orthostatic hypotension

20
Q

if a patient is taking phosphodiesterase inhibitors (erectile dysfunction drugs), such as sildenafil, what type of antianginal drug should be avoided?

A

nitrates

21
Q

nicardipine

A

calcium channel blocker; decreases afterload and automaticity

22
Q

time of onset for sublingual nitroglycerin

A

1-3 min

23
Q

oral nitroglycerin storage

A

keep tablets and capsules in their original container

never mix oral nitroglycerin w other drugs in a container
never store oral nitroglycerin in a plastic container
replace lid tightly as soon as the drug is removed.

24
Q

angina pectoris

A

substernal chest pain that can radiate to the jaw

25
Q

s/s to monitor in clients taking calcium channel blockers

A

should be monitored for signs of heart failure (dyspnea, weight gain, peripheral edema, crackles, rales, and jugular vein distention).

26
Q

beta blockers & diabetes cautions

A

Beta blockers should be used with caution in patients with diabetes mellitus because they conceal signs of hypoglycemia

27
Q

The 47-year-old client is experiencing chest pain and has taken three sublingual nitrogylcerin tablets, but the pain remains. What should the client do next?

A

Call 911

do not transport by private vehicle w chest pain

28
Q

amplodipine

A

calcium channel blocker

29
Q

verapimil

A

calcium channel blocker

30
Q

nadolol

A

beta blocker

pharm 140 (18 decks)

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