58 GI motility

Question 1

3 types of laxatives

Answer 1

chemical stimulants
bulk stimulants
lubricants

Question 2

laxative indications

Answer 2

short term relief of constipation
prevent straining
evacuate bowel for diagnostic procedures
removal of toxins

Question 3

bulk stimulant laxatives

Answer 3

mag sulfate, mag citrate, mag hydroxide
lactulose
psyllium (metamucil)

Question 4

docusate (Colace)

Answer 4

lubricating laxative

has a detergent action on the surface of the intestinal bolus, making a softer stool

Question 5

glycerin (sani-supp)

Answer 5

lubricating laxative

hyperosmolar laxative used to gently evacuate rectum without systemic effects higher in GI tract

Question 6

mineral oil (agoral plain)

Answer 6

lubricating laxative

forms a slippery coat on the contents of the intestinal tract

Question 7

cascara

Answer 7

chemical stimulant

Question 8

senna

Answer 8

chemical stimulant

Question 9

castor oil

Answer 9

chemical stimulant

Question 10

bisacodyl (Dulcolax)

Answer 10

chemical stimulant

OTC laxative

Question 11

castor oil action

Answer 11

directly stimulates nerve plexus in the intestinal wall, causing increased movement and the stimulation of local reflexes

Question 12

castor oil adverse effects

Answer 12

diarrhea
abd cramps
perianal irriation
dizziness
dependence

Question 13

magnesium citrate action

Answer 13

bulk laxative that increases motility of GI tract by increasing fluid in the intestinal contents, which enlarges bulk, stimulates local stretch receptors, activates local activity

Question 14

magnesium citrate adverse effects

Answer 14

diarrhea
abd cramps
bloating
perianal irritation
dizziness

Question 15

mineral oil action

Answer 15

forms a slippery coat on contents of intestinal tract; less water is absorbed out of the bolus and is less likely to become hard and impacted

Question 16

mineral oil adverse effects

Answer 16

diarrhea, leakage
abd cramps
bloating
perianal irritation
interference in absorption of fat soluble vitamins

Question 17

gastrointestinal stimulants

Answer 17

dexpanthenol (Ilopan)

metoclopramide (Reglan)

Question 18

dexpanthenol (Ilopan)

Answer 18

increases acetylcholine levels and stimulates parasympathetic system

Question 19

metoclopramide (Reglan)

Answer 19

blocks dopamine receptors and makes GI cells more sensitive to acetylcholine
leads to increased GI activity and rapid movement of food through upper GI tract

Question 20

metoclopramide (Reglan) indications

Answer 20

stimulation of gastric emptying
relief of diabetic gastroparesis
prevention of n/v

Question 21

metoclopramide (Reglan) adverse effects

Answer 21

restlessness
drowsiness, fatigue
extrapyramidal effects
nausea, diarrhea

Question 22

bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) action

Answer 22

anti-diarrheal

coats lining of GI tract and soothes irritation stimulating local reflexes to cause excessive GI activity

Question 23

loperamide (Imodium) action

Answer 23

anti-diarrheal directly affects muscle layers of GI tract to slow peristalsis and allow increased time for absorption of fluid/electrolytes

Question 24

opium derivatives (Paregoric)

Answer 24

anti-diarrheal

stimulates spasm within GI tract, stops peristalsis and diarrhea

Question 25

antidiarrheal indications

Answer 25

acute/chronic diarrhea

reduction of volume of discharge from ileostomies

Question 26

loperamide adverse effects

Answer 26

abd pain, distention, discomfort
dry mouth, nausea
constipation
dizziness, tiredness, drowsiness