59 antiemetics Flashcards
phenothiazines
antianxiety drug that blocks the responsiveness of the CTZ to stimuli, leading to decreased n/v
-azine
phenothiazines action
depresses various areas of CNS, including CTZ in medulla
phenothiazines adverse effects
drowsiness dystonia blurred vision pink/brown urine photophobia
phenothiazine (prochlorperazine) pharmacokinetics
can be given oral, rectal, IV, IM
nonphenothiazine (reglan)
prevention of n/v associated with emetogenic chemotherapy and post-op n/v
Reglan
metoclopramide
nonphenothiazine
nonphenothiazine (reglan) actions
reduces responsiveness of nerve cells in CTZ to decrease n/v
slows GI activity
nonphenothiazine (reglan) adverse effects
drowsiness/fatigue
restlessness
extrapyramidal sx
nonphenothiazine (reglan) pharmacokinetics
IV, IM, oral
all peak in 60-90 min and last 1-2 h
5-HT3 receptor blockers (Zofran)
block receptors associated with n/v in CTZ and peripherally
-setron
5-HT3 receptor blockers (Zofran) adverse effects
headache dizziness drowsiness constipation urinary retention myalgia
5-HT3 receptor blockers (Zofran) pharmacokinetics
oral or IV
peaks 60-90 min
substance P/neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists (Aprepitant) action
selectively blocks human substance P/neurokinin 1 receptors in CNS to block n/v caused by chemo agents
substance P/neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists (Aprepitant) adverse effects
anorexia dehydration constipation diarrhea liver enzyme elevations
antiemetic contraindications
coma CNS depression brain damage/injury hypo or HTN severe liver dysfunction
