Angina - Background

Question 1

angina - ? pain with incr ? demand, usually upon ?, in presence of impaired ?

Causes of MIschaemia

• reduced perfusion - generalised ?, ?/infl of coronary aa, ?, embolus, ?
• reduced blood ? - ?, carboxyhaemoglobinaemia
• incr ? demands - incr ?, cardiac ?

Answer 1

episodic, myocardial, exercise, perfusion

hypotension, spasm, atheroma, thrombosis
oxygenation, anaemia
tissue, CO, hypertrophy

Question 2

Stable angina - most commonly due to ? flow in ? coronary aa - studies show pts have ? of over 70% in a ? coronary aa

arteriosclerosis - NON-SPECIFIC ? and hardening of aa walls, lose ? and elasticity - and decr bl flow, often due to prolonged ? in smaller arteries

Answer 2

low
athersclerotic
stenosis
main

thickening
contractility
HTN

Question 3

Atheroma (SPECIFIC)

• affecting ?/? sized aa
• this causes thick+hardening - called ? - which causes reduced ? perfusion, also predisposes to ? and ? formation

Answer 3

med/large
atherosclerosis
tissue
thrombus
aneurysm

Question 4

Risk factors
? - rare in ? unless FH
? - higher in ? than pre-menopausal women
? - higher rates if ??? had IHD before ?
? - stopping reduces immediate risk by ?%
? - high ?, low fresh fruit and ? are implicated
? - worse if primarily abdominal
? - both systolic and diastolic
? - high serum ?, esp if high ???/TGs
?? - also impaired ? tolerance and impaired fasting ? associated

Answer 4

age, kids
gender, men
FH, first degree relative, 50
smx, 25%
diet, fat, veg
obesity
HTN
hyperlipid, chol, LDL
DM, glucose, glucose