Anesthetic Drugs Flashcards
What do anticholinergics do
They lysis parasympothetic effects
What are the 2 anticholinergics that we use
Glycopyrrolate and atropine
What are the alpha 2 agonist we use
Primarily dexdomitor and xylazine in large animals
What phenothiazine do we use
Acepromazine
What opioids do we typically use
Morphine, fentanyl, butorphanol, buprenorphine, and hydromorphone
What benzodiazepines do we typically use
Diazepam, midazolam, and zolazepam
What are the different classes of pre anesthetic agents do we use
Anticholinergics, alpha 2 agonist, phenothiazine, opioid, and benzodiazepine
What types of anesthetic agents do we use
Dissociative, inhalant, and miscellaneous
What dissociative anesthetic agents do we use
Ketamine and tiletamine
What inhalant anesthetic agents do we use
Isoflurane, sevoflurane, and nitrous oxide
What miscellaneous anesthetic agents do we use
Propofol and alfaxalone
What does dose dependent mean
The higher dose given the worse the negative efects are
What does contraindication mean
When/something that leads to not being able to use it
What is the difference between oral and injectable preanesthetic drugs
The oral has a higher dose and longer DOA
What is the definition of anesthesia
Loss of sensation
What is anaglesthia
Pain management
What is an antagonist
Reverses the designated preanesthetic drugs
What is the duration of action
How long we see physical effects on the patient
What is the onset of action
How long it takes for the drug to do its job this often relates to the route of administration
About how much faster is the onset of action for IV preanesthetics compared to SQ
5-10 mins
What is neurolep anaglesthia
Sedative/tranquilizer plus an opioid
What is the ceiling effect
How much you can increase the dose of the drug before you see a loss in the benefit of the drug
What is tiletamine in
Telazol it is mixed w/ zolazepam
What is the onset of action for tiletamine
5 mins for IM
What is the DOA of tiletamine
30 mins in dogs and 1 hr in cats
What are the routes of administration available for tiletamine
IM and IV
What are the cardiovascular effects of tiletamine
Slight vasoconstriction
What are the respiratory effects of tiletamine
Apneustic breathing in cats that stops at inhalation
What is the action of metabolism and excretion for tiletamine
In dogs it is hepatic kidney and in cats renal only
Is there a reversal for tiletamine
Yes partial yohimbine
Does tiletamine have any analgesic effects
Yes somatic effect
What are contraindications of administering tiletamine
Seizure patients, head trauma, gluacoma, and renal disease
Is tiletamine controlled
Yes
What are other affects of tiletamine
CNS stimulant, muscle ridgity, exaggerated reflexes, increased salivation, and eye position central
What is the onset of action for ketamine
5 mins when given IM
What is the DOA of ketamine
30 mins in dogs and 1 hr in cats
What are the routes of administration possible for ketamine
IM and IV
What are the cardiovascular effects of ketamine
Slight vasoconstriction
What are the respiratory effects of ketamine
Apneustic breathing that stops w/ inhalation
What is the action of metabolism and excretion of ketamine
In dogs hepatic and kidney and in cats both renal
Is there a reversal of ketamine
Yes partial yohimbine
Does ketamine provide an analgesic effect
Yes somatic
Are there any contraindications for ketamine
Seizure patients, head trauma, glaucoma, and renal disease
Is ketamine controlled
Yes
What are other effects of ketamine
CNS stimulant such as amnesthia and elucogenic, muscle ridgity, exaggerated reflexes, increase salivation, and eye position central
What is the onset of action of propfol
Immediately
What is the duration of action of propfol
8 mins
What route can propfol be administered
IV
What are the cardiovascular effects of propfol
Dose dependent or fast given can bring hypotension and vasodilation
What are the respiratory effects of propfol
If given too fast apnea can occur
What is the action of metabolism and excretion of propfol
Metabolized via the liver and excreted via the kidneys
Is there a reversal for propfol and does it provide analgesia
No
What are contraindications of administering propfol
Hypoproteinemia will increase the potency
What can happen when propfol sits
Emulsion
Can you use a CRI for propfol
Yes
What type of propfol has a 28 day shelf life
Propfol 28
How long should it take to infuse propfol to the patient
60-90 secs
What other things can propfol cause
Tremurs/twitches, seizures, and heinz body anemia in cats
What routes can opioids be given
IV, IM, and SQ
What opioids cause more respiratory effects
Fent, hydro, oxy, and mostly morphine w/ increase doses
Is there a reversal for opioids
Naloxome/narcan
How are opioids divided
By the receptor agonist such as full MU agonist, partial MU agonist, and kappa agonist/MU antagonist
Which type of opioids are the best
Full MU agonist but they come w/ the most side effects
What partial MU agonsit do we use
Bupnenorphine
What kappa agonist/MU antagonist do we use
Butorphenol
What is the onset of action for bupnenorphine
30-45 mins
What is the onset of action of dexdomitor
10 mins w/ IM
What is the DOA of dexdomitor
About 3 hrs for sedative and 1 hr for anaglesthic
What routes can dexdomitor be administer
IV, IM, and SQ
What are the cardivascular effects of dexdomitor
Significant peripheral vasoconstriction, significant bardycardia, hypertension soon after administration, pale MM, prolonged CRT, weak pulses, and arrhthymias
At what HRs do we start worrying about patients when given dexdomitor
40 bpm w/ dogs and 90 bpm w/ cats
What are respiratory effects of dexdomitor
Dose dependent depression, bradapnic, and relaxation of inspiration and exhalation muscles
How is dexdomitor metabolized and excreted from the body
Metabolized by the river and excreted by the kidneys
Is there a reversal for dexdomitor
Yes antisedan/atipamezole
Does dexdomitor provide analgesic effects
Yes but not great for visceral
What is the contraindication for administering dexdomitor
Cardiac disease
What is the onset of action of midazolam
10 mins when given IM immediately when given IV
What is the DOA of midazolam
30-60 mins for dogs and 1-3 hrs for cats
Are there any cardiovascular or respiratory effects of midazolam
No
How is midazolam metabolized and excreted in the body
Metabolized via the liver and excretion via the kidneys
Is there a reversal for midazolam
Yes flumazenial
Does midazolam have any analgesic effects or intraindications
No
What are other effects of midazolam
Skeletal muscle relaxation and dose dependent disphoria
What are characteristics of midazolam
Soluble in plastic and light sensitive
What is the brand name of diazepam
Valium
What is the onset of action of diazepam
10 mins when given IM immediately when given IV
What is the DOA of diazepam
30-60 mins for dogs and 1-3 hrs for the cats
What is the route of administration for diazepam
IV because it is not water soluble so it needs a carrier propylene glycol
Are there any cardiovascular or respiratory effects of diazepam
No but clots can happen if it is slammed in upon administration
How is diazepam metabolized and excreted
It is metabolized in the liver and excreted via the kidney
Is there a reversal for diazepam
Yes flumazenial
Does diazepam have any analgesic effects or contraindications
No
What are other effects of diazepam
Skeletal muscle relaxation, can only be mixed w/ ketamine in the same syringe, and dose dependent disphoria
What are characeristics of diazepam
Water soluble, can be used to treat seizures, light sensitive, and soluble in plastic
What is the onset of action of glycopyrrolate
30-45 mins regardless of the route of administration
What is the DOA of glycopyrrolate
Up to 3 hrs
What are the routes glycopyrrolate can be administered
IV, IM, and SQ
What is the cardiovascular effect of glycopyrrolate
Prevents bradycardia by blocking the vegal stimulation
What is the respiratory effect of glycopyrrolate
Vasodilation of bronchi increasing anatomical dead space
How is glycopyrrolate metabolized and excreted
Metabolized via the liver and excreted via the kidney
Does glycopyrrolate provide anaglesic effects and is there a reversal
No
What are the contraindications of glycopyrrolate
GI isssues or surgerys and tachycardia or arrhythmias
What is a special characteristic of glycopyrrolate
It does not cross the blood brain barrier or the placental barrier
What are other effects of glycopyrrolate
Decreases salivation, decrease in gastric motility, and decrease tear formation/production
What is the onset of action of atropine
20 mins given SQ
What is the DOA of atropine
1-1.5 hrs
What are the routes of administration of atropine
IV, IM, and SQ
What are the cardiovascular effects of atropine
Prevent bradycardia by blocking vegal stimulation and transient tachycardia
What are the respiratory effects of atropine
Vasodilation of bronchi increasing anatomical dead space and increase vescosity of respiratory system
How is atropine metabolized and excreted
It is metabolized via liver and excreted via kidneys
Does atropine have a reversal or provide any anaglesic effects
No
What are the contraindications of giving atropine
GI issues or surgery and tachycardia or arrhythmias
What are other effects of atropine
Decreased salivation, decreased gastric motility, and decreased tear formation/production
What is the onset of action of acepromazine
10 mins given IM and 15-20 if given SQ
What is the DOA of acepromazine
3-6 hrs of sedation but has a dose dependent hangover
What are the routes of administration for acepromazine
OTM, PO, SQ, IM, and IV
What are the cardiovascular effects of acepromazine
Significant peripheal vasodilation, dose dependent hypotension, and slight tachycardia
Are there any respiratory effects of acepromazine
No
What are the methods of metabolism and excretion of acepromazine
Metabolized via the liver and excreted via kidneys
Is there a reversal for acepromazine or analgesic effects
No
What are the contraindications for acepromazine
Not healthy, under 3 mos, gieatric, liver dysfunction, seizure disorders, and hypotension/cardiac diseases
What are other effects of acepromazine
Muscle relaxation, antiemetic, antinistamine, antiarrhythmic, ceiling effect of 3 mgs, causes hypothermia, and decreases seizure threshold
