anesthesia Flashcards
loss of sensation in a focused area of the body
- used for minor procedures such as sutures
local anesthesia
loss of sensation in a body region
- used in dental procedures
regional anesthesia
systemic; loss of consciousness and combines many drugs for an optimal effect
- used for major procedures such as abdominal surgery
general anesthesia
systemic; low level sedation to maintain VS without intubation
monitored anesthesia care (MAC)
sleepy, able to awaken, able to respond when prompted, maintain VS without assistance
conscious sedation
sedation of a patient for the purposes of a medical procedure/intervention
anesthesia
“sodium channel blockers”
- impede action potential so cell cannot depolarize leading to decreased sensory impulses to other cells
- work on efferent and afferent pathways
- lipophilic, cleared by circulation, no BBB significance
“caine”
local anesthetics
prilocaine, lidocaine, bupivacaine, ropivacaine
local anesthetics
shortest acting local anesthetic
lidocaine
long acting local anesthetic
bupivacaine
SC injection of local anesthetic into the tissue
infiltration
injection near a large nerve bundle but not directly in it
Nerve block
localizes vasoconstriction which controls bleeding and increases duration of the anesthetic
epinephrine
neutralization of tissue in case of bacterial infection
sodium bicarbonate
injection of anesthetic into epidural space; location ensured by no CSF return
- loss of sensation to periphery innervated by the spinal nerve
- onset in 20 to 30 min
- continuous infusion via indwelling catheter
Epidural
delivered directly into CSF (subarachnoid space); location ensured by CSF presence in draw back
- always inject below L2
- quick onset
spinal “intrathecal” route
hypertonic anesthetic
will go lower because its heavier
hypotonic anesthetic
will go higher because its lighter
good analgesia but wont feel euphoric
- depressive symptomologies
- good for patients with previous addictions
dilaudid
“ane”; decrease action potentials and increase GABA
inhaled general anesthetics
Nitrous oxide (laughing gas), halothane, isoflurane
inhaled general anesthetics
propofol (diprivan)
barbituate-like
- increase GABA, rapid onset, short 1/2 life, intubation necessary along with VS support
“nium”; block Ach binding at nicotinic receptors (SNS, PNS, skeletal muscle junctions)
- no BBB penetration
- muscle paralysis
- rapid onset
neuromuscular blocking agents
vecuronium, rocuronium, pancuronium, succinylcholine, botox
neuromuscular blocking agents
ketamine, benzodiazepines (midazolam)
conscious sedation
