Anemia/Red Cells Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

When do you see target cells?

A

when there is increased surface/volume ratio (thalassemia, hemoglobinopathies, liver disease, post splenectomy / hyposplenism, severe iron deficiency, LCAT deficiency)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When do you see spherocytes?

A

Decreased surface/volume ratio (> MCHC)

AIHA, HS, G6PD, MAHA, hypersplenism, burns, PK deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Acanthocytes vs echinocytes?

A

Acanthocytes – 5-10 spicules of varying length, irregular, seen in liver disease, DIC, hyposplenism, hypothyroid

Echinocytes – 10-30 spicules of equal length, equally distributed over RBC. Can be artifact, dehydration, liver disease, PK deficiency, after a RBC transfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how do you calculate the reticulocyte index?

A

Reticulocyte count x patient’s hematocrit/normal hematocrit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how do you diagnose maternal-fetal hemorrhage

A

Kleihauer-Betke (acid elution detection of hemoglobin F)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where is folate absorbed

A

duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where is vit b12 absorbed

A

terminal ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which proteins are important for vertical linkage through the RBC membrane?

A

spectrin
ankyrin
protein 4.2
band 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

HS is an issue with what?

A

vertical linkage proteins in the RBC membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the pathophysiology of hereditary elliptocytosis?

A

issues with the horizontal linkage proteins in RBC membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is pathophysiology of stomatocytosis?

A

issue with ion transport

stomatocyte = small mouth cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what causes Gilbert’s syndrome

A

mutation in UGT1A1 gene causing deficiency UGT-1A enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the variants of G6PD deficiency?

A

Class I: chronic hemolysis - severe G6PD deficiency

Class II: Intermittent hemolysis despite severe deficiency

Class III: Intermediate hemolysis due to moderate deficiency (usually due to drugs/infections)

Class IV: normal G6PD, no hemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

inheritance of HS?

A

autosomal dominant (75% of cases)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

most common protein mutated in HS?

A

ankyrin (50-67% of HS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are heinz bodies and in what conditions do you see them?

A

Denatured aggregates of hemoglobin

  • Newborn
  • Thalassemia
  • G6PD
  • Chronic liver disease
  • Asplenia
17
Q

what are howell-jolly bodies and in what conditions do you see them?

A

Nuclear remnant inclusions

  • Newborn
  • Asplenia
18
Q

what is basophilic stippling and what conditions do you see it in?

A

Aggregates of ribosomal RNA

  • Lead poisoning
  • Iron-deficiency
  • Hemolytic anemias (thal trait)
19
Q

how much folic acid should a person with a chronic hemolytic disorder be taking?

A

1mg/day

20
Q

definition of iron deficiency

A

ferritin < 15 mcg/L

21
Q

what transporter takes up iron on the intestinal side of the endothelium?

A

DMT1

22
Q

what transporter regulates movement of iron out of the endothelium into the circulation?

A

ferroportin

23
Q

what protein blocks ferroportin?

A

hepcidin

24
Q

what is poikilocytosis?

A

variation in cell shapes, abnormal RBCs > 10% of the population

25
Q

what is anisocytosis?

A

variation is RBC size

26
Q

warm aiha - describe

A

IgG antibodies, maximally reactive at 37 C
causes extravascular hemolysis via spleen (RES)
smear: spherocytes

27
Q

cold aiha - describe

A

IgM antibodies, maximally reactive at 0-5 C

causes intravascular hemolysis via complement, extravascular via RES

28
Q

paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria - describe

A

IgG antibodies reactive at cold temps, causes complement mediated hemolysis (donath-landsteiner)

29
Q

PNH - lack of what cell surface proteins

A

CD55 and CD59

30
Q

PNH - what gene

A

PIG-A

31
Q

cold agglutinins are associated with what infection?

A

mycoplasma

32
Q

donath landsteiner antibody is usually specific to what?

A

p-antigen