Anemia part 2

Question 1

acute blood loss can lead to

Answer 1

acute hemolysis

Question 2

menstrual loss is what type of blood loss

Answer 2

chronic

Question 3

with chronic bleeding or hemolysis what happens to erthyropoiesis

Answer 3

increased up to 6-8 times

Question 4

how does anemia develop

Answer 4

rate of loss exceeds rate of erythropoesis

Question 5

what are acute hemolytic clinical sytmpoms

Answer 5

fever, pallor jaundice

Question 6

what are chronic hemolytic clinical symptoms

Answer 6

gallstones, abnormal bone growth

Question 7

what are 3 lab findings for hemolytic anemias

Answer 7

increased unconjugated bilirubin
decrease serum haptoglobin concentration
increase serum LDH

Question 8

where does extravascular hemolysis occur

Answer 8

reticuloendothelial system ( spleen, liver, bone marrow)

Question 9

extravascular hemolysis usually occurs with what type of hemolytic anemias

Answer 9

intrinsic/inherited hemolytic anemias

Question 10

what is seen in peripheral blood smear for peripheral hemolysis

Answer 10

spherocytes
schistocytes
reticulocytes

Question 11

what gets released in intravascular hemolysis? what does it cause? levels of haptaglobin

Answer 11

free hemoglobin

• hemoglobbinuria
• hemosiderinuria
• decreased

Question 12

usually intravascular hemolysis occurs in association with what hemolytic anemias

Answer 12

extrinsic/aquired

Question 13

Intrinsic hereditary hemolytic anemias defect in quantitative

Answer 13

thalassemias

Question 14

Intrinsic hereditary hemolytic anemias: defect in RBC membrane

Answer 14

spherocytosis

Question 15

Intrinsic hereditary hemolytic anemias: defect in RBC enzymes

Answer 15

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

Question 16

what are normal adult hemoglobin made up of

Answer 16

Hemoglobin A (alpha, beta) 
A2 ( alpha, delta) 
F ( alpha, gamma)

Question 17

define thalassemia

Answer 17

reduced production of one or more globin chains

Question 18

who is more prone to Beta thalassemia

Answer 18

Mediterranean origin

Question 19

who is more prone to Alpha thalassemia

Answer 19

southeast Asia

china

Question 20

beta thalassemia major is decrease production of what

Answer 20

HbA ( beta)

Question 21

what chromosome is beta located

Answer 21

11

Question 22

how does beta get mutated in beta-thalassemiamajor

Answer 22

point mutations

partial deletions

Question 23

how many alleles are abnormal in Beta thalassemia

Answer 23

both

Question 24

what are 2 posssible abnormal beta globin alleles and what do they produce in beta thalassemia major

Answer 24

beta o: no beta globulin

beta +: produces reduced beta globulin

Question 25

what happens in homozygous beta thalassemia major, name the posssibilites

Answer 25

Beta 0/ beta o: no normal

beta +/ beta +: reduced beta globulin

Question 26

what happens in heterozygous beta thalassemia major, name the posssibilites

Answer 26

beta + /beta o: reduced beta globulin

Question 27

what happens at birth with beta thalassemia major

Answer 27

switch HbF to HbA

Question 28

what are clinical features in children for beta thalassemia major

Answer 28

distorted facies
hepatosplenomegaly
growth retardation

Question 29

how does one test for beta thalassemia major in a lab and what do you find

Answer 29

Hb electrophoriesis or HPLC

-compensatory increase in HbA2 and HbF

Question 30

what is seen in the peripheral blood smear for beta thalasemai major

Answer 30

nucleated rbc

teardrop cells

Question 31

what is the gene situation in beta thalassemia minor

Answer 31

one normal and one abnormal gene of beta-globin

Question 32

what is a difference between beta thalassemia minor and iron deficiency anemia

Answer 32

iron therapy improves iron deficiency but worsens beta-thalassemia