Anemia

Question 1

__is the process of formation and development of new blood cells

Answer 1

hematopoiesis

begins with hematopoietic stem cells and requires an adequate supply of minerals and vitamins

Question 2

__ is the process which produces new RBCs

Answer 2

erythropoiesis

controlled by feedback system involving the kidneys and bone marrow

Question 3

Which type of iron is better absorbed, heme or non-heme?

Answer 3

heme

heme iron is about 3 times better absorbed

heme = ferrous = Fe2+
non-heme = ferric = Fe3+

Question 4

Absorption of which type of iron is affected by other foods?

Answer 4

non-heme

ascorbic acid rich foods increase absorption

Question 5

What is the only mechanism for excretion of excess iron?

Answer 5

blood loss

Question 6

AES of iron intake:

Answer 6

heartburn
nausea
upper abdominal pain
diarrhea
constipation

Question 7

As little as __ to _m grams of ferrous salts can cause death

Answer 7

1, 2

especially dangerous in young children

Question 8

The bioavailability of iron ingested with food is __ to __ of that in a fasting pt?

Answer 8

1/3, 1/2

This is why we counsel to take iron on empty stomach

Question 9

What is the new oral non salt iron replacement recently approved for iron deficiency?

Answer 9

ferric maltol (Accrufer)

Question 10

What form of iron may be an option for pts intolerant of iron salts and prevents the need for IV iron therapy?

Answer 10

ferric maltol

Question 11

Iron dextran has a BBW for what?

Answer 11

anaphylaxis

Question 12

The erythropoietin receptors exist as ___ on the cell membrane

Answer 12

dimers

Question 13

Erythropoietin receptors are a member of what family of proteins?

Answer 13

cytokine receptor

Question 14

Erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESAs) may stimulate some types of __ cells

Answer 14

tumor

Question 15

What may develop with erythropoietin stimulating agent (ESA) therapy?

Answer 15

iron deficiency

Question 16

Which ESA is a recombinant human EPO that is nearly identical to endogenous hormone?

Answer 16

epoetin alfa

Epogen and Procrit

Question 17

What is the plasma half life of epoetin alfa?

Answer 17

4-8 hours

Question 18

Which ESA is genetically modified with four amino acid mutations that allow for additional carbohydrate side chains?

Answer 18

darbepoetin alfa

Aranesp

Question 19

What is the plasma half life of darbepoetin alfa?

Answer 19

21 hours

Question 20

A __ is a chemical complex of a metal ion and a multi dentate ligand

Answer 20

chelate

Question 21

What does chronic blood transfusion therapy cause?

Answer 21

iron overload

can damage liver and heart

Question 22

__ is a highly flexible, hexadentate iron chelator

Answer 22

deferoxamine (DFO)

Question 23

What is the half life of deferoxamine?

Answer 23

20-30mins

Question 24

how is deferoxamine dosed?

Answer 24

IV of subQ over 8-12 hours in a 24 hour period

5-7 days per week

Question 25

Growth retardation, bone abnormalities, ophthalmological, and auditory disorders are possible with what therapy?

Answer 25

deferoxamine

Question 26

deferoxamine infusions often have a negative impact on quality of life

a. true
b. false

Answer 26

a. true

compliance is an issue

Question 27

__ is a low molecular weight, bidentate iron chelator

Answer 27

deferiprone

Question 28

What is the half life of deferiprone?

Answer 28

3-4 hours

Question 29

Is deferiprone dosed oral, IV, or subQ?

Answer 29

oral

three doses daily

Question 30

What is the most serious AE of deferiprone?

Answer 30

agranulocytosis

Question 31

__ is a trident ate iron chelator approved for once daily oral use

Answer 31

deferasirox

Question 32

What is the plasma half life of deferasirox?

Answer 32

8-16 hours

Question 33

Which iron chelator is administered as a suspension in fruit juice?

Answer 33

deferasirox

poorly water soluble