anemia Flashcards
anisocytosis
marked variation in size of RBCs
poikilocytosis
marked variation in shape of RBCs
larger platelet volume indicates…
immature and increased platelet production (like in peripheral platelet destruction like ITP)
whats increased in polycthyemia vera
RBC
and also- WBC and platelets
diagnosis of PV criteria
major:
- Hgb>18.5 men, >16.5 women
- JAK2617 mutation
minor:
- bm biopsy: trilineage growth
- epo decreased
- endogenous erythroid colony formation
2 major, 1 minor or 1st major, 2 minor
when is epo increase appropriate
hypoxia!!
high altitude pulm dz cyanotic heart dz smokers (carboxy-hemoglobinemia) high affinity Hgb
when is epo autonomously inappropriate
renal cysts, RCC
hepatic cell carc
uterine fibroids
when is retic >2% and under 2%
<2: dec production (bone marrow, nutrition)
> 2: inc destruction (hemolysis)
iron def etiologies
blood loss- GI, menstruation
iron req inc- pregnancy, epo
dec nutrition- diet, IBD, celiac
iron def tx
ferrous sulfate + orange juice
reactive thrombocytosis etiologies
exercise hemorrhage iron def infections malignancy
autonomous thrombocytosis etiologies
chronic myeloprolfierative disorders (PV, chronic granulocytic leukemia, essential thrombocythemia)
decreased platelet production etiologies
aplastic anemia chemo, radiation B12, folate leukemia, *myelodysplstic syn
increased destruction/sequestration of platelet etiologies
ITP DIC HIT TTP meds splenomegaly
pancytopenia etiologies
aplastic anemia
MDS
B12, folate
target cells seen in
chronic liver dz
burr cells seen in
chronic renal dz
spur cells seen in
chronic liver dz
neutriphilia etiologies
acute infection inflammation acute hemorrhage acute hemolysis malignancy meds
lymphocytosis etiologies
viral infection
toxo
pertussis
CLL
monocytosis
TB
subacute endocarditis
IBD
malignancy
eosinophilia
allergies
parasites
Hodgkins dz
myeloproliferative disorders
neutropenia
bacteria- brucellosis, typhoid viral infections meds- chemo, anti-arthritis meds aplastic anemia B12, folate def splenomegaly --> sequestrate
lymphopenia etiologies
HIV
steroids
radiation, chemo
