2- annual male Flashcards
Most Frequent Causes of Death for a 55-Year-Old Male in the U.S.
malignant neoplasm heart disease unintentional injury (accident) diabetes mellitus chronic lung disease chronic liver disease cirrhosis
How effective are oral medications, such as bupropion or varenicline in helping smokers quit?
Somewhat effective (Quit rate at 12 months is 1.5 to 3 times the placebo quit rate.)
interventions that help quit smoking
- group settings
- one-to-one counseling
- relaxation and breathing techniques
- meds
positive effects of moderate alcohol intake (1x/day for women, 2x/day for men)
- small increase in HDL
- prevent platelets sticking- clots
positive effects of red wine
flavonoids and other antioxidants in reducing heart disease risk
24-hour Dietary Recalls:
WAVE- “Weight, Activity, Variety and Excess.
each meal and snacks and drinks
Food Frequency Questionnaire:
over a month
REAP: Rapid Eating and Activity assessment for Patients
determine nutritional deficiencies and excesses
food diary
Ask the patient to bring in a complete record of everything consumed over a three- to four-day period.
include Saturday and Sunday, since many people eat differently on the weekend.
what is the most accurate method of assessing dietary intake?
Weighed Intakes: All food and drink are weighed before intake.
highly motivated patient
lifetime risk of becoming obese in US is
25%
corneal arcus
yellow ring around iris
associated with dyslipidemia
xanthelasmas,
yellow blobs on inner eye lids
associated with dyslipidemia
Changes associated with atherosclerosis:
Decreased peripheral pulses, carotid bruit
hep C screening guidelines
one-time screening for HCV infection to adults born between 1945 and 1965.
USPSTF Recommendations for a 55-Year-Old Asymptomatic Man Who Smokes
colorectal obesity, DM, lipid disorders, HTN tobacco use alcohol misuse depression hep c, lung, if indicated
when should you screen for depression?
only when staff-assisted depression care supports are in place to assure accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and follow-up.
should you do PSA screening in average-risk males?
no class D
colonoscopy screening
50-75
fecal occult blood testing
sigmoidoscopy
colonoscopy
how often screen for lipid panel
starting at age 21, every 4-6 years
Treat with statins all patients over 21 with an LDL-c >
190 mg/dL
do we reguarly test LFTS?
no
abnormal U waves and what do they indicate
greater than 1.5 mm in any lead
ssociated with bradycardia, electrolyte imbalance such as hypokalemia, hypercalcemia or hypomagnesemia, drug effect (digitalis, quinidine, procainamide), CNS disease, hyperthyroidism, left ventricular hypertrophy or mitral valve prolapse.
instructions for taking buproprion for smoking cessation
- Start one week before the quit date with one pill a day for the first three days, then increase to one pill twice a day, morning and evening.
- After another four days, stop smoking and continue on the pills twice a day.
- Add nicotine gum for bad cravings, if needed.
- After about two months on the pills, gradually stop.
recommended exercise per week
at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week, as well as muscle strengthening at least twice per week.
Using the Borg perceived level of exertion scale, patients should exercise to a level of
12-14
Appropriate steps to manage high risk for an ASCVD event include:
starting aspirin and begining a moderate-to high-intensity statin.
Zoster vaccine is recommended to all adults at age
60
Pneumococcal vaccination indicted when you
smoke or have COPD or have asthma
Diameter of what is considered a red flag supporting biopsy
> 6mm
