Anatomy [Week 4] Flashcards
The THYROID CARTILAGE has two _____ fused anteriorly at the laryngeal prominence.
laminae
Males have a more ______ angle that is formed by the joining of their laminae of the thyroid cartilage.
acute (90˚); this accounts for their Adam’s apple
What are the two most common pathologies that affect the larynx?
- laryngitis 2. vocal cord polyps (professional singers)
The ______ is the attachment for the thyrohyoid membrane.
superior cornu
The ______ articulates with the cricoid cartilage.
inferior cornu
What muscles attache to the OBLIQUE line of the thyroid cartilage?
inferior constrictor, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid
The _____ is the only structure that circumscribes the larynx.
cricoid cartilage
The ______ of the cricoid cartilage is thinner than the _______.
anterior arch posterior lamina
The _________ sit atop the cricoid the posterior cartilage and is attached to the vocal ligament.
ARYTENOIDS
Name these structures:
thyrohyoid membrane; epiglottis, thyroid cartilage lamina; oblique line (muscle attachment), hyoid bone, median/lateral criothyroid ligament, criothyroid joint, trachea, crioid cartilage
The cricoid cartilage and arytenoids make a ________ joint. Describe the movements the ARYTENOID cartilage can do. What clinical presentation does this joint cause?
synovial
- rotate/swivel; glide medial/lateral; glide anterior/posterior
- affects the pitch/sound of voice
The ________ cartilage is elastic and connects to the interior surface of the thyroid cartilage.
epiglottis
The _____ is the medial part of the criothyroid membranes.
criothyroid ligament
The ______ ligaments run from the arytenoid cartilage to the thyroepiglottic ligament.
vocal
The name for the criovocal membranes and their vocal ligaments is:
conus elasticus
The ______ is the superior free edge of the quadrangular membrane.
Aryepiglottic fold (from arytenoid to epiglottis)
The ________ membrane spans from the epiglottis to the arytenoid cartilages.
quadrangular
The _____ is the inferior free edge of the quadrangular membrane, and with the mucosa covering it, it forms the _______.
vestibular ligament
vestibular fold (false vocal fold)
The RIMA GLOTTIDIS is a fancy name for _____>
the airway (between vocal ligaments)
What space is the top purple line pointing two? The bottom? What is the space inbetween the vestibular fold and vocal fold called?
- vestibule of the larynx
- infraglottic cavity
- ventricle of the larynx
The _____ connect the tongue and epiglottis.
Glossoepiglottic folds
There are two ______, or depressions between the tongue and epiglottis that prevent the swallowing reflex when filled with fluid.
vallecula
The LARYNGEAL inlet is also called the _________ and it is the opening through the top of the epiglottis, aryepigottic ligaments to the arytenoid (covered in mucosa).
Aditus laryngis
The _____ are pear-shaped spaces lateral to the aryepiglottic folds.
piriform recesses
Identify the structures the arrows are pointing to (from top to bottom of picture).
- epiglottis
- vestibular fold
- vocal fold
Identify the structure.
Arytenoid cartilage
The CRICOTHYROID MUSCLES are innervated by the _________ and cause the thyroid cartilage to tilt ______, causing tightening and _______ in pitch.
- EXTERNAL LARYNGEAL n.
- anteriorly
- increasing
Name the structures. Is the nerve in the image innervating the muscle in the image?
cricoid
trachea
cricothyroid muscle
recurrent laryngeal n.
-NO! the EXTERNAL LARYNGEAL innervates crcothyroid m.
The _________ pulls the arytenoid cartilages together, shortening the width of the airway. Name the nerve this muscle is innervated by.
TRANSVERSE ARYTENOID m.
recurrent laryngeal n.
The OBLIQUE ARYTENOID MUSCLES adjust the size of the ______ and are innervated by the _______ nerve
- laryngeal inlet
- recurrent laryngeal
The _______ attach to the musclular part of the arytenoid cartilage to the cricoid cartilage, pulls muscular processes _______ to ______ the volcal folds. These muscles are innervated by the __________ nerve.
- posterior cricoarytenoids
- medially
- ABduct (OPEN!!)
- recurrent laryngeal
The ________ pull the arytenoid cartilages anteriorly to decrease tension on the vocal ligaments, ____ the pitch of the voice. This muscle is innervated by the _______ nerve.
- THYROARYTENOIDS
- decreasing
- recurrent laryngeal
The ______, located from the arytenoid to the lateral part of the cricoid, pull anteriorly to ADduct the vocal folds, thus closing the rima glottidic. This muscle is innervated by the _____ nerve.
- lateral crioarytenoid muscle
- recurrent laryngeal
The ______ laryngeal nerve supplies sensory and motor innervation the larynx and pierces the thyrohyoid membrane.
SUPERIOR
The ______ laryngeal nerve provides sensory to the mucosa superior to the vocal folds and ANS innervation.
Internal
The _______ laryngeal nerve provides motor innervation to the CRICOTHYROID m.
EXTERNAL
The _______ laryngeal nerve provides sensory to the mucosa inferior to vocal folds and motor to all intrinsic m. of larynx (except _________).
- RECURRENT
- cricothyroid
What artery supplies the LARYNX?
SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL
[Figure I] shows open vocal cords. [Figure II] shows closed vocal cords. What is wrong with Figure III? What nerve is damaged?
the left recurrent laryngeal n is paralyzed and so there is unilateral vocal cord paralysis
Name the 4 paired muscles of the PHARYNX.
- superior pharyngeal constrictors
- middle pharyngeal constrictors
- inferior pharyngeal constrictors
- stylopharyngeus
The INFERIOR PHARYNGEAL constrictors have two parts. What are they?
- thyropharyngeus
- cricopharyngeaus
The ________ fascia is part of the auditory tube, levator veli palatini attachment and the ascending external carotid artery goes through it.
pharyngobasilar
The pharyngeal constrictors attach medially to the ______.
median pharyngeal raphe
Name the 7 structures in the NASOPHARYNX
- auditory tube
- tubal elevation (Taurus Tuberious)
- salpingopharyngeus m.
- palatopharyngeus m.
- levator veli palatini m.
- tensor veli palatini m.
- nasopharyngeal tonsil
Name the 4 major structures in the OROPHARYNX.
- oropharyngeal isthmus
- palatine tonsis
- palatoglossal arch
- palatopharyngeal arch
What major structure is in the LARYNGOPHARYNX?
piriform fossae
