Anatomy [Week 4] Flashcards
The THYROID CARTILAGE has two _____ fused anteriorly at the laryngeal prominence.
laminae
Males have a more ______ angle that is formed by the joining of their laminae of the thyroid cartilage.
acute (90˚); this accounts for their Adam’s apple
What are the two most common pathologies that affect the larynx?
- laryngitis 2. vocal cord polyps (professional singers)
The ______ is the attachment for the thyrohyoid membrane.
superior cornu
The ______ articulates with the cricoid cartilage.
inferior cornu
What muscles attache to the OBLIQUE line of the thyroid cartilage?
inferior constrictor, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid
The _____ is the only structure that circumscribes the larynx.
cricoid cartilage
The ______ of the cricoid cartilage is thinner than the _______.
anterior arch posterior lamina
The _________ sit atop the cricoid the posterior cartilage and is attached to the vocal ligament.
ARYTENOIDS
Name these structures:
thyrohyoid membrane; epiglottis, thyroid cartilage lamina; oblique line (muscle attachment), hyoid bone, median/lateral criothyroid ligament, criothyroid joint, trachea, crioid cartilage
The cricoid cartilage and arytenoids make a ________ joint. Describe the movements the ARYTENOID cartilage can do. What clinical presentation does this joint cause?
synovial
- rotate/swivel; glide medial/lateral; glide anterior/posterior
- affects the pitch/sound of voice
The ________ cartilage is elastic and connects to the interior surface of the thyroid cartilage.
epiglottis
The _____ is the medial part of the criothyroid membranes.
criothyroid ligament
The ______ ligaments run from the arytenoid cartilage to the thyroepiglottic ligament.
vocal
The name for the criovocal membranes and their vocal ligaments is:
conus elasticus
The ______ is the superior free edge of the quadrangular membrane.
Aryepiglottic fold (from arytenoid to epiglottis)
The ________ membrane spans from the epiglottis to the arytenoid cartilages.
quadrangular
The _____ is the inferior free edge of the quadrangular membrane, and with the mucosa covering it, it forms the _______.
vestibular ligament
vestibular fold (false vocal fold)
What space is the top purple line pointing two? The bottom? What is the space inbetween the vestibular fold and vocal fold called?
- vestibule of the larynx
- infraglottic cavity
- ventricle of the larynx
The _____ connect the tongue and epiglottis.
Glossoepiglottic folds
There are two ______, or depressions between the tongue and epiglottis that prevent the swallowing reflex when filled with fluid.
vallecula
The LARYNGEAL inlet is also called the _________ and it is the opening through the top of the epiglottis, aryepigottic ligaments to the arytenoid (covered in mucosa).
Aditus laryngis
The _____ are pear-shaped spaces lateral to the aryepiglottic folds.
piriform recesses
Identify the structures the arrows are pointing to (from top to bottom of picture).
- epiglottis
- vestibular fold
- vocal fold
Identify the structure.
Arytenoid cartilage
The CRICOTHYROID MUSCLES are innervated by the _________ and cause the thyroid cartilage to tilt ______, causing tightening and _______ in pitch.
- EXTERNAL LARYNGEAL n.
- anteriorly
- increasing
Name the structures. Is the nerve in the image innervating the muscle in the image?
cricoid
trachea
cricothyroid muscle
recurrent laryngeal n.
-NO! the EXTERNAL LARYNGEAL innervates crcothyroid m.
The _________ pulls the arytenoid cartilages together, shortening the width of the airway. Name the nerve this muscle is innervated by.
TRANSVERSE ARYTENOID m.
recurrent laryngeal n.
The _______ attach to the musclular part of the arytenoid cartilage to the cricoid cartilage, pulls muscular processes _______ to ______ the volcal folds. These muscles are innervated by the __________ nerve.
- posterior cricoarytenoids
- medially
- ABduct (OPEN!!)
- recurrent laryngeal
The ________ pull the arytenoid cartilages anteriorly to decrease tension on the vocal ligaments, ____ the pitch of the voice. This muscle is innervated by the _______ nerve.
- THYROARYTENOIDS
- decreasing
- recurrent laryngeal
The ______, located from the arytenoid to the lateral part of the cricoid, pull anteriorly to ADduct the vocal folds, thus closing the rima glottidic. This muscle is innervated by the _____ nerve.
- lateral crioarytenoid muscle
- recurrent laryngeal
The ______ laryngeal nerve supplies sensory and motor innervation the larynx and pierces the thyrohyoid membrane.
SUPERIOR
The ______ laryngeal nerve provides sensory to the mucosa superior to the vocal folds and ANS innervation.
Internal
The _______ laryngeal nerve provides motor innervation to the CRICOTHYROID m.
EXTERNAL
The _______ laryngeal nerve provides sensory to the mucosa inferior to vocal folds and motor to all intrinsic m. of larynx (except _________).
- RECURRENT
- cricothyroid
What artery supplies the LARYNX?
SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL
[Figure I] shows open vocal cords. [Figure II] shows closed vocal cords. What is wrong with Figure III? What nerve is damaged?
the left recurrent laryngeal n is paralyzed and so there is unilateral vocal cord paralysis
The INFERIOR PHARYNGEAL constrictors have two parts. What are they?
- thyropharyngeus
- cricopharyngeaus
The ________ fascia is part of the auditory tube, levator veli palatini attachment and the ascending external carotid artery goes through it.
pharyngobasilar
The pharyngeal constrictors attach medially to the ______.
median pharyngeal raphe
Name the 7 structures in the NASOPHARYNX
- auditory tube
- tubal elevation (Taurus Tuberious)
- salpingopharyngeus m.
- palatopharyngeus m.
- levator veli palatini m.
- tensor veli palatini m.
- nasopharyngeal tonsil
Name the 4 major structures in the OROPHARYNX.
- oropharyngeal isthmus
- palatine tonsis
- palatoglossal arch
- palatopharyngeal arch
What major structure is in the LARYNGOPHARYNX?
piriform fossae
