Anatomy [Week 1] Flashcards
What is in the SUBMANDIBULAR triangle? (4)
- Submandibular gland
- Hypoglossal n. (CN XII)
- mylohyoid m.
- facial artery/vein/branches of FACIAL NERVE
What is in the SUBMENTAL triangle? (2)
- Anterior jugular vein origin
- mylohyoid muscles
What is in the CAROTID triangle? (10)
- carotid sheath [with Common Carotid a. and branches, Internal Jugular v. and tributaries, and vagus nerve (CN X)
- External carotid a.
- Superior Thyroid a.
- Ascending pharyngeal a.
- Lingual a.
- Facial a.
- Hypoglossal n. (CN XII)
- Superior root of ansa cervicalis
- Accessory nerve (CN XI)
- Thyroid gland/cartilage
What are in the MUSCULAR triangle? (7)
- Sternothyroid m.
- Sternohyoid m.
- Thyroid gland
- Ansa Cervicalis
- Cricoid cartilage
- Cricothyroid membrane
- Tracheal ring
What is in the ROOT OF THE NECK? (9)
- Phrenic n.
- Vagus n.
- Recurrent laryngeal n.
- Common carotid a.
- Inferior thyroid a.
- Subclavian a/v
- Transverse cervical a.
- Vertebral a.
What is in the OCCIPITAL triangle? (8)
- External jugular v.
- Posterior branches of cervical plexus (4): Greater auricular n., lesser occipital n., supraclavicular n., transverse cervical n
- Accessory n.
- Trunks of brachial plexus
- Transverse cervical a.
What would be injured if there was a tumor on a patient’s thyroid? How would the patient present?
The recurrent laryngeal n. would be injured and there would be paralysis of laryngeal muscles, causing voice hoarseness
What are the EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY branches?
SOME: Superior thyroid ANGRY: Ascending pharyngeal LADY: Lingual FIGURED: Facial OUT: Occipital P: Posterior auricular M: Maxillary S: Superficial temporal
What are the branches of the FACIAL NERVE (motor)?
Posterior auricular TWO: Temporal ZEBRAS: Zygomatic BIT: Buccal MY: Marginal mandibular COCCYX: Cervical
What are the CAROTID SHEATH contents?
I “SEE”: Internal carotid
10: Vagus n. (X)
CC: Common Carotid a.
in the IV: Internal jugular Vein
Which nerves supply the scalp?
G: Greater occipital/Greater auricular L: Lesser occipital A: Auriculotemporal S: Supratrochlear S: Supraorbital
Which arteries supply the scalp?
O: Occipital {ECA} PA: Posterior Auricular {ECA} S: Superficial Temporal {ECA} S: Supraorbital {ICA} S: Supratrochlear {ICA}
What are the layers of the scalp?
S: Skin C: Connective tissue A: Apopneurosis L: Loose areolar tissue P: Pericranium
What happens when an infection spreads in the veins of the “DANGER TRIANGLE” of the face?
May spread to cavernous sinus via facial vein anastomoses with the superior ophthalmic vein; especially since the facial vein contains no valves
Which anastomoses are involved in the connection of the internal and external carotid arteries in the face?
Anastomoses between the facial a. and superficial temporal a. with the palpebral and dorsal nasal branches of the ophthalmic a.; all drain into the cavernous sinus (directly/indirectly)
Which nerve can be damaged with a parotidectomy? How does the patient present?
- Facial nerve
- bilateral asymmetry regarding muscles of facial expression because CN VII lesioned; tone is lost
What happens if there is an infection in the “DANGEROUS AREA OF THE SCALP”?
All the emissary veins are there and so infections spread to intracranial sinuses or to the brain via these veins
neurocranium
surrounds brain
calvaria
skullcap
viscerocranium
skeleton of face
nasion
craniometric point: junction of nasal bones and frontal bone
glabella
craniometric point: smooth portion of frontal bone
pterion
craniometric point: junction of frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones (forms an H)
bregma
craniometric point: junction of coronal and sagittal sutures