Anatomy [Week 3] Flashcards
The primary position (of gaze) and long axis of orbit are _____ degrees apart. What is the implication of this?
23 degrees; must look off to the side in order to alight eyes with a muscle to test that muscle
Which 7 bones make up the orbit?
- frontal 2. zygomatic 3. maxilla 4. palatine 5. sphenoid 6. ethmoid 7. lacrimal
What foramen is in the lateral part of the orbit?
superior orbital fissure
What foramen is in the floor of the orbit?
inferior orbital fissure
Why when people break their nose, why is it that they can also get a black eye?
anastamoses between blood vessels in the “dangerous area”
Which two muscles in the eye are smooth (involuntary)?
- superior tarsal muscle 2. ciliary muscle
What are the 4 layers of the eye?
- skin/little fat 2. muscle 3. tarsal plates and orbital septum 4. conjunctiva
What are the SUPERIOR/INFERIOR CONJUNCTIVAL FORNIX?
where palpebral conjunctival (fascia layer), lining the eyelid, doubles back on itself to form the bulbar conjunctiva, lining the eye
What structure receives ducts of the lacrimal gland? (emptying)
the superior fornix
What are in the TARSAL PLATES?
-superior/inferior tarsals -levator palpebrae m. (CN III) -superior tarsal m (CN III) -tarsal glands
What do the TARSAL GLANDS do?
spreads oily layer to reduce evaporation over the eye; spreads when you blink
What are the 3 type of CONJUNCTIVITIS? What are the characteristics of each?
- viral = watery discharge and photophobia 2. bacterial = discharge of pus (pink eye) 3. allergic reaction = itching/redness/edema
How are TARSAL PLATES linked to bone of orbit?
via the medial and lateral palpebral ligaments
What are 3 characteristics of the lens of the eye?
- transparent, bicovex 2. made of lens fibers = cells that have eliminated all organelles and are crystalline 3. zonule fibers of zin connect lens to ciliary muscles (capsule)
What fills the anterior chamber of the eyeball?
aqueous humor (made by epithelium of the ciliary body)
What fills the posterior chamber of the eyeball?
vitreous humor, made up of liquid and glycoaminoglycans
When the ciliary muscles contract, the lens widens and focuses. What is this process called?
accommodation
If someone has CATARACTS, what is the clinical problem with the patient? What can be done to fix this problem?
-has a cloudy lens -surgery to remove lower part of lens and put in artificial lens
What is the SCLERA and what is its importance?
posterior 5/6 of eyeball (opaque, white) and it is where extra ocular muscles insert
Which structure has the most focusing capability?
CORNEA! (lens also has focusing capability, but not as much as cornea)
Name 3 characteristics of the CORNEA.
- major refractive structure for focusing 2. transparent 3. avascular
Why are CORNEA TRANSPLANTS rarely rejected?
because they are avascular!
What is the purpose of the CHOROID in the eye?
gives nutrients to the retina; it is highly pigmented
What is the most vulnerable area of the eye to mechanical torsion?
the origin of of the optic nerve on the back of the eye




































