Anatomy Unit 6 Flashcards
What are Neurons and what is their main function?
The Main units of the nervous system. They transmit electrochemical signals.
What are Dendrites?
The receiving end of a neuron.
What are Axons?
The sender end of a neuron.
What are Neuroglia?
The “Helper” cell of the nervous system
What are receptors?
The ends of neurons that detect changes inside & outside of the body (sensory function)
What are effectors?
Cells outside of the nervous system that are controlled by neurons. Examples included muscles, glands, and organs.
What are the main functions of the Nervous System?
Detecting changes inside & outside of the body, Making decisions, and sending signals to muscles and glands so they can respond.
What is the main function of Myelin/Myelin Sheath?
Insulate neuron signals
What is the main function of Sensory Neurons?
Send impulses from body parts toward the brain/SC
Where are the interneurons?
Entirely within the brain/SC
What is the main function of motor neurons?
The send impulses from the brain/SC toward effectors
What is a synapse?
The space between neurons
What is a neurotransmitter?
A chemical that sends a signal across a synapse
What is included in the Central Nervous System?
The brain and spinal cord
What is included in the Peripheral Nervous System?
The cranial and spinal nerves
What is the function of the Somatic Nervous System?
To control voluntary activity
What is the function of the Autonomic Nervous System?
To control involuntary activity
What is the function of the Sympathetic Nervous System?
Fight or Flight
What is function of the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
Rest & Digest
What is the structural difference between white and gray matter?
White matter has myelin, while gray matter does not.
What type of neurons can regenerate, and why?
Peripheral neurons, because the myelin sheath is surrounded by a tube of neurilemma
What type of neurons cannot regenerate, and why?
CNS neurons, because they are not surrounded by neurolemma.
What is the structure of Multipolar Neurons?
Having processes arising from all through the body.
What is the structure of Bipolar neurons?
Parts of the body such as the eyes, nose, and ears.
