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Abdomen Anatomy > ANATOMY- The Pancreas > Flashcards

ANATOMY- The Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Surface Anatomy of the Pancreas?

A

Lies in the TRANSPYLORIC PLANE

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2
Q

What spinal level is the TRANSPYLORIC PLANE?

A

L1

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3
Q

TRANSPYLORIC PLANE

A
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4
Q

What are the ANTERIOR Relations of the Pancreas?

A

Lesser Sac
Stomach

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5
Q

Where are PSEUDOCYSTS typically found?

A

Lesser sac

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6
Q

What is a CYSTGASTROSTOMY?

A

Drainage of Pseudocyst from the lesser sac into the stomach

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7
Q

What are the POSTERIOR relations of the Pancreas?

A

Left Kidney
IVC
Superior Mesenteric Vessels
Portal Vein
Aorta
CBD

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8
Q

Where is the HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN FORMED?

A

POSTERIOR to the NECK OF THE PANCREAS

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9
Q

What Vessels form the HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN?

A

Superior Mesenteric Vein
Splenic Vein

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10
Q

What is the ARTERIAL Blood supply of the Pancreas?

A

SPLENIC ARTERY
PANCREATICODUODENAL ARTERY

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11
Q

Where does the SPLENIC ARTERY COME FROM?

A

COELIAC PLEXUS
ABDOMINAL AORTA

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12
Q

Where does the PANCREATICODUODENAL ARTERY COME FROM?

A

GASTRODUODENAL ARTERY

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13
Q

Where does the GASTRODUODENAL ARTERY come from?

A

COMMON HEPATIC ARTERY

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14
Q

Is the Pancreas an INTRAPERITONEAL or RETROPERITONEAL organ?

A

RETROPERITONEAL ORGAN

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15
Q

Where does the PANCREATIC DUCT drain?

A

Second Part of the Duodenum

MAJOR DUODENAL PAPILLA

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16
Q

What structure surrounds the Pancreatic Duct?

A

SPHINCTER OF ODDI

17
Q

What Structure does the Pancreatic Duct Join before it enters the Ampulla of Vater?

A

COMMON BILE DUCT

18
Q

AMPULLA OF VATER

A
19
Q

What causes the RELAXATION of the Sphincter of oddi?

A

Cholecystokinin

20
Q

Where is cholecystokinin released?

A

Released from I-Cells in the DUODENUM

21
Q

What is the FUNCTION of CCK?

A

1) Stimulates the Pancreas to produce digestive enzymes

2) Contraction of the Gallbladder

3) Relaxation of the Sphincter of Oddi

4) Suppression of Hunger

22
Q

What stimulates the release of CCK?

A
  • The presence of food rich in FAT and PROTEIN in the Small bowel
23
Q

What stops the Release of CCK?

A

SOMATOSTATIN

24
Q

What is the ACCESSORY DUCT OF SANTORINI?

A
  • Additional Pancreatic Duct
    -May open into the Duodenum via the MINOR DUODENAL PAPILLA
25
Q

MINOR DUODENAL PAPILLA

A
26
Q

What is an ANNULAR PANCREAS?

A
  • Abnormal embryological development of the pancreas
    -Results in a ring of pancreatic tissue, which surrounds the Duodenum
    -May cause Bowel Obstruction
27
Q

Describe the Embryology of the Pancreas?

A
  • Develops from the FOREGUT
  • Formed from the Dorsal and Ventral Pancreatic Bud, which fuse together
28
Q

What is Pancreatic Divisum?

A
  • Failure of the Dorsal and Ventral Pancreatic buds to fuse

-Results in the Majority of the Pancreas being drained by the ACCESSORY PANCREATIC DUCT

29
Q

Histologically what are the TWO main parts of the Pancreas? Which forms the majority of the gland?

A

EXOCRINE PANCREAS- Secretions Drain into Ducts

ENDOCRINE PANCREAS- Islets of langerhans, producing hormones

EXOCRINE PANCREAS forms the bulk of the gland

30
Q

What does the EXOCRINE Pancreas produce?

A
  • Enzyme Rich ALKALINE Fluid

-PROENZYMES

31
Q

Why does the Pancreas produce Proenzymes?

A

Prevents auto digestion of the Pancreas

32
Q

What type of Proenzymes does the Pancreas Produce?

A

PROTRYPSIN
PROCHYMOTRYPSIN

33
Q

What activates pancreatic proenzymes?

A

ENTEROKINASE secreted by the Duodenal mucosa

34
Q

What FACTORS Increase PANCREATIC SECRETION? Where are they Produced?

A

1) CCK- I Cells of the Duodenum

2) GASTRIN- G-cells of the STOMACH

3) SECRETIN- S-cells of the Duodenum

35
Q

Describe the HISTOLOGY of the EXOCRINE PANCREAS

A
  • Secretory Acini, which drain into Pancreatic Duct
36
Q

EXOCRINE PANCREAS

A
37
Q

Describe the HISTOLOGY of the ENDOCRINE PANCREAS

A

ISLETS OF LANGERHANS composed of the following cells:

Alpha cells- Glucagon (25% of Cells)

Beta Cells- Insulin (60% of Cells)

Delta Cells- Somatostatin

38
Q

ENDOCRINE PANCREAS

A
39
Q

Describe the Production of the INSULIN?

A
  • Produced as PREPROINSULIN in the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • PREPROINSULIN is Cleaved to PROINSULIN in the Golgi apparatus
  • PROINSULIN is Cleaved to INSULIN and packaged into Secretory granules

Abdomen Anatomy (13 decks)

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