ANATOMY- The Pancreas Flashcards
What is the Surface Anatomy of the Pancreas?
Lies in the TRANSPYLORIC PLANE
What spinal level is the TRANSPYLORIC PLANE?
L1
TRANSPYLORIC PLANE
What are the ANTERIOR Relations of the Pancreas?
Lesser Sac
Stomach
Where are PSEUDOCYSTS typically found?
Lesser sac
What is a CYSTGASTROSTOMY?
Drainage of Pseudocyst from the lesser sac into the stomach
What are the POSTERIOR relations of the Pancreas?
Left Kidney
IVC
Superior Mesenteric Vessels
Portal Vein
Aorta
CBD
Where is the HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN FORMED?
POSTERIOR to the NECK OF THE PANCREAS
What Vessels form the HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN?
Superior Mesenteric Vein
Splenic Vein
What is the ARTERIAL Blood supply of the Pancreas?
SPLENIC ARTERY
PANCREATICODUODENAL ARTERY
Where does the SPLENIC ARTERY COME FROM?
COELIAC PLEXUS
ABDOMINAL AORTA
Where does the PANCREATICODUODENAL ARTERY COME FROM?
GASTRODUODENAL ARTERY
Where does the GASTRODUODENAL ARTERY come from?
COMMON HEPATIC ARTERY
Is the Pancreas an INTRAPERITONEAL or RETROPERITONEAL organ?
RETROPERITONEAL ORGAN
Where does the PANCREATIC DUCT drain?
Second Part of the Duodenum
MAJOR DUODENAL PAPILLA
What structure surrounds the Pancreatic Duct?
SPHINCTER OF ODDI
What Structure does the Pancreatic Duct Join before it enters the Ampulla of Vater?
COMMON BILE DUCT
AMPULLA OF VATER
What causes the RELAXATION of the Sphincter of oddi?
Cholecystokinin
Where is cholecystokinin released?
Released from I-Cells in the DUODENUM
What is the FUNCTION of CCK?
1) Stimulates the Pancreas to produce digestive enzymes
2) Contraction of the Gallbladder
3) Relaxation of the Sphincter of Oddi
4) Suppression of Hunger
What stimulates the release of CCK?
- The presence of food rich in FAT and PROTEIN in the Small bowel
What stops the Release of CCK?
SOMATOSTATIN
What is the ACCESSORY DUCT OF SANTORINI?
- Additional Pancreatic Duct
-May open into the Duodenum via the MINOR DUODENAL PAPILLA
MINOR DUODENAL PAPILLA
What is an ANNULAR PANCREAS?
- Abnormal embryological development of the pancreas
-Results in a ring of pancreatic tissue, which surrounds the Duodenum
-May cause Bowel Obstruction
Describe the Embryology of the Pancreas?
- Develops from the FOREGUT
- Formed from the Dorsal and Ventral Pancreatic Bud, which fuse together
What is Pancreatic Divisum?
- Failure of the Dorsal and Ventral Pancreatic buds to fuse
-Results in the Majority of the Pancreas being drained by the ACCESSORY PANCREATIC DUCT
Histologically what are the TWO main parts of the Pancreas? Which forms the majority of the gland?
EXOCRINE PANCREAS- Secretions Drain into Ducts
ENDOCRINE PANCREAS- Islets of langerhans, producing hormones
EXOCRINE PANCREAS forms the bulk of the gland
What does the EXOCRINE Pancreas produce?
- Enzyme Rich ALKALINE Fluid
-PROENZYMES
Why does the Pancreas produce Proenzymes?
Prevents auto digestion of the Pancreas
What type of Proenzymes does the Pancreas Produce?
PROTRYPSIN
PROCHYMOTRYPSIN
What activates pancreatic proenzymes?
ENTEROKINASE secreted by the Duodenal mucosa
What FACTORS Increase PANCREATIC SECRETION? Where are they Produced?
1) CCK- I Cells of the Duodenum
2) GASTRIN- G-cells of the STOMACH
3) SECRETIN- S-cells of the Duodenum
Describe the HISTOLOGY of the EXOCRINE PANCREAS
- Secretory Acini, which drain into Pancreatic Duct
EXOCRINE PANCREAS
Describe the HISTOLOGY of the ENDOCRINE PANCREAS
ISLETS OF LANGERHANS composed of the following cells:
Alpha cells- Glucagon (25% of Cells)
Beta Cells- Insulin (60% of Cells)
Delta Cells- Somatostatin
ENDOCRINE PANCREAS
Describe the Production of the INSULIN?
- Produced as PREPROINSULIN in the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
- PREPROINSULIN is Cleaved to PROINSULIN in the Golgi apparatus
- PROINSULIN is Cleaved to INSULIN and packaged into Secretory granules
