ANATOMY- The Oesophagus Flashcards
At what spinal level does the OESOPHAGUS begin?
C6
In the Neck, what structures lie ANTERIOR to the OESOPHAGUS?
TRACHEA
THYROID GLAND
In the Neck, what structures are found lateral to the OESOPHAGUS?
COMMON CAROTID ARTERY
RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVES
At what spinal level is the OESOPHAGEAL HIATUS of the Diaphragm found?
Which part of the Diaphragm is the OESOPHAGEAL HIATUS found?
T10
RIGHT CRUS OF THE DIAPHRAGM
OESOPHAGEAL HIATUS
What are the THREE PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSTRICTIONS of the OESOPHAGUS?
1) Cervical constriction: due to CRICOID CARTILAGE at the level of C5/6.
2) Thoracic constriction: due to AORTIC ARCH at the level of T4/5.
3) Abdominal constriction: at OESOPHAGEAL HIATUS at T10/11.
Physiological constrictions of OESOPHAGUS
What is the ARTERIAL SUPPLY of the OESOPHAGUS?
Upper third: INFERIOR THYROID ARTERY
Middle third: OESOPHAGEAL BRANCHES OF THE THORACIC AORTA
Lower third: OESOPHAGEAL BRANCHES OF LEFT GASTRIC ARTERY
What is the VENOUS SUPPLY of the OESOPHAGUS?
Upper third: inferior thyroid veins to brachiocephalic veins
Middle third: azygos vein to SVC (Systemic Pathway)
Lower third: left gastric vein to portal vein (site of portal-systemic collateral pathway)
What is the LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE of the OESOPHAGUS?
Upper third: deep cervical lymph nodes
Middle third: posterior mediastinal lymph nodes
Lower third: left gastric and coeliac group lymph nodes
How many layers of Muscle form the Muscularis Propria of the Oesophagus?
2 Layers:
Outer Longitudinal Smooth Muscle
Inner Circular Smooth Muscle
What Factors contribute the formation of the Lower oesophageal Sphincter?
1) Diaphragmatic Contraction
2) Intra-abdominal pressure being exerted on the abdominal oesophagus
What Type of EPITHELIUM Lines the OESOPHAGUS?
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
What Type of Muscle is found in the upper part of the Oesophagus?
Skeletal Muscle
Swallowing is Voluntary
What Type of Muscle is found in the lower part of the Oesophagus?
Smooth Muscle
