ANATOMY - The Oral Cavity Flashcards
- The Oral Vestibule (Buccal Cavity) - The Oral Cavity Proper - The Pharynx
What are two main regions of the oral cavity?
The oral vestibule (Buccal cavity)
The oral cavity proper
What are the boundaries of the oral cavity proper?
Dorsal: hard and soft palate
Lateral: teeth and gums
Rostral: teeth and lips
Ventral: tongue
Caudal: pharynx
What type of epithelium lines the entire oral cavity?
Stratified, squamous, keratinised epithelium (oral mucosa)
Where do the upper and lower lips meet?
The upper and lower lips meet at the commissures
Describe the difference between the location of the commissures in carnivores and herbivores?
The commissures are more caudal in carnivores to allow for wider opening of the mouth and the commissures are more cranial in herbivores
What is the medial groove that divides the upper lip?
Philtrum
Which muscles move the lips and cheeks?
Platysma muscles (thin, longitudinal muscles)
Mimetic muscles (thin, transverse muscles)
Which nerve provides sensation to the muzzle, lips and teeth?
Infraorbital nerve
What are the three bones that make up the hard palate?
Incisive bone
Maxilla
Palatine bone
What is the purpose of the incisive papilla present at the rostral end of the hard palate?
The incisive papilla has small incisive ducts either side of it which open into the nasal cavity and the vomeronasal organ
What is the purpose of the vomeronasal organ?
The vomeronasal organ is involved in scent and pheromone detection
Which structures connect the soft palate to the base of the tongue?
The palatoglossal arches connect the soft palate to the base of the tongue
Which structure connects the soft palate to the pharynx?
The palatopharyngeal arches connect the soft palate to the pharynx
What are the three regions of the pharynx?
Oropharynx
Nasopharynx
Laryngopharynx
What additional pharyngeal structure can be seen in the pig?
Pharyngeal diverticulum
What divides the pharynx into the nasopharynx and oropharynx?
The soft palate divides the pharynx into the nasopharynx and oropharynx
What are the dorsal, ventral and lateral boundaries of the pharynx?
Dorsal: Skull base with C1 and C2
Lateral: Pterygoideus muscle and hyoid apparatus
Ventral: Larynx
Where does the tongue extend from?
The tongue extends from the oropharynx
What are the three regions of the tongue?
Apex
Body
Root
What are the four types of papillae present on the dorsal surface of the tongue?
Filiform papillae
Fungiform papillae
Foliate papillae
Circumvallate papillae
What is the name of filiform papillae used for the cat?
Coniform papillae
Which of the papillae have a mechanical function?
Filiform papillae have a mechanical function
Which of the papillae are involved in taste?
Fungiform, foliate and circumvallate papillae are involved in taste
What is the name of the the structure separating the tongue into two dorsal halves?
Median sulcus
What is the name of the ventral groove present on the carnivore tongue?
Lyssa
Which structure holds the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity?
Frenulum
What is the name of the prominent dent present on the dorsal surface of the ruminant tongue?
Lingual fossa
What is the swelling on the ruminant tongue which pushes food against the dental pad?
Torus linguae
What are the four extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Geniohyoideus muscle
Genioglossus muscle
Hyoglossus muscle
Styloglossus muscle
Which nerve provides sensation to the rostral end of the tongue?
Lingual branch of the mandibular nerve
Which two nerves provide sensation at the root of the tongue?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve
Which nerve is associated with taste at the rostral end of the tongue?
Chorda tympani of the Facial nerve
Which two nerves are associated with taste at the root of the tongue?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve
Which nerve provides motor movement to the tongue?
Hypoglossal nerve
Which artery supplies the tongue?
Lingual artery supplies the tongue
What is the venous drainage of the tongue?
Sublingual vein drains into the lingual vein
Which structure suspends the base of the tongue and larynx from the skull?
Hyoid apparatus
What is the function of the Hyoid apparatus during swallowing?
During swallowing, the Hyoid apparatus moves rostrally and holds the epiglottis in place to prevent bolus from travelling down the larynx and into the trachea
What are the three nerves involved in the swallowing process?
Mandibular nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve
What are the three centres of lymphatic drainage of the head?
Parotid
Mandibular
Retropharyngeal
What are the two regions of the retropharyngeal lymphatic drainage centre?
Lateral retropharyngeal centre
Medial retropharyngeal centre
