ANATOMY - The Oral Cavity

Question 1

What are two main regions of the oral cavity?

Answer 1

The oral vestibule (Buccal cavity)
The oral cavity proper

Question 2

What are the boundaries of the oral cavity proper?

Answer 2

Dorsal: hard and soft palate
Lateral: teeth and gums
Rostral: teeth and lips
Ventral: tongue
Caudal: pharynx

Question 3

What type of epithelium lines the entire oral cavity?

Answer 3

Stratified, squamous, keratinised epithelium (oral mucosa)

Question 4

Where do the upper and lower lips meet?

Answer 4

The upper and lower lips meet at the commissures

Question 5

Describe the difference between the location of the commissures in carnivores and herbivores?

Answer 5

The commissures are more caudal in carnivores to allow for wider opening of the mouth and the commissures are more cranial in herbivores

Question 6

What is the medial groove that divides the upper lip?

Answer 6

Philtrum

Question 7

Which muscles move the lips and cheeks?

Answer 7

Platysma muscles (thin, longitudinal muscles)
Mimetic muscles (thin, transverse muscles)

Question 8

Which nerve provides sensation to the muzzle, lips and teeth?

Answer 8

Infraorbital nerve

Question 9

What are the three bones that make up the hard palate?

Answer 9

Incisive bone
Maxilla
Palatine bone

Question 10

What is the purpose of the incisive papilla present at the rostral end of the hard palate?

Answer 10

The incisive papilla has small incisive ducts either side of it which open into the nasal cavity and the vomeronasal organ

Question 11

What is the purpose of the vomeronasal organ?

Answer 11

The vomeronasal organ is involved in scent and pheromone detection

Question 12

Which structures connect the soft palate to the base of the tongue?

Answer 12

The palatoglossal arches connect the soft palate to the base of the tongue

Question 13

Which structure connects the soft palate to the pharynx?

Answer 13

The palatopharyngeal arches connect the soft palate to the pharynx

Question 14

What are the three regions of the pharynx?

Answer 14

Oropharynx
Nasopharynx
Laryngopharynx

Question 15

What additional pharyngeal structure can be seen in the pig?

Answer 15

Pharyngeal diverticulum

Question 16

What divides the pharynx into the nasopharynx and oropharynx?

Answer 16

The soft palate divides the pharynx into the nasopharynx and oropharynx

Question 17

What are the dorsal, ventral and lateral boundaries of the pharynx?

Answer 17

Dorsal: Skull base with C1 and C2
Lateral: Pterygoideus muscle and hyoid apparatus
Ventral: Larynx

Question 18

Where does the tongue extend from?

Answer 18

The tongue extends from the oropharynx

Question 19

What are the three regions of the tongue?

Answer 19

Apex
Body
Root

Question 20

What are the four types of papillae present on the dorsal surface of the tongue?

Answer 20

Filiform papillae
Fungiform papillae
Foliate papillae
Circumvallate papillae

Question 21

What is the name of filiform papillae used for the cat?

Answer 21

Coniform papillae

Question 22

Which of the papillae have a mechanical function?

Answer 22

Filiform papillae have a mechanical function

Question 23

Which of the papillae are involved in taste?

Answer 23

Fungiform, foliate and circumvallate papillae are involved in taste

Question 24

What is the name of the the structure separating the tongue into two dorsal halves?

Answer 24

Median sulcus

Question 25

What is the name of the ventral groove present on the carnivore tongue?

Answer 25

Lyssa

Question 26

Which structure holds the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity?

Answer 26

Frenulum

Question 27

What is the name of the prominent dent present on the dorsal surface of the ruminant tongue?

Answer 27

Lingual fossa

Question 28

What is the swelling on the ruminant tongue which pushes food against the dental pad?

Answer 28

Torus linguae

Question 29

What are the four extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 29

Geniohyoideus muscle
Genioglossus muscle
Hyoglossus muscle
Styloglossus muscle

Question 30

Which nerve provides sensation to the rostral end of the tongue?

Answer 30

Lingual branch of the mandibular nerve

Question 31

Which two nerves provide sensation at the root of the tongue?

Answer 31

Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve

Question 32

Which nerve is associated with taste at the rostral end of the tongue?

Answer 32

Chorda tympani of the Facial nerve

Question 33

Which two nerves are associated with taste at the root of the tongue?

Answer 33

Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve

Question 34

Which nerve provides motor movement to the tongue?

Answer 34

Hypoglossal nerve

Question 35

Which artery supplies the tongue?

Answer 35

Lingual artery supplies the tongue

Question 36

What is the venous drainage of the tongue?

Answer 36

Sublingual vein drains into the lingual vein

Question 37

Which structure suspends the base of the tongue and larynx from the skull?

Answer 37

Hyoid apparatus

Question 38

What is the function of the Hyoid apparatus during swallowing?

Answer 38

During swallowing, the Hyoid apparatus moves rostrally and holds the epiglottis in place to prevent bolus from travelling down the larynx and into the trachea

Question 39

What are the three nerves involved in the swallowing process?

Answer 39

Mandibular nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve

Question 40

What are the three centres of lymphatic drainage of the head?

Answer 40

Parotid
Mandibular
Retropharyngeal

Question 41

What are the two regions of the retropharyngeal lymphatic drainage centre?

Answer 41

Lateral retropharyngeal centre
Medial retropharyngeal centre