ANATOMY - Carnivore Gastrointestinal Accessory Organs Flashcards
- Anatomy of the Liver and Gall Bladder - Anatomy of the Pancreas
What are the gastrointestinal accessory organs?
Liver
Pancreas
What are the six liver lobes seen in the carnivore liver?
Left lateral lobe
Left medial lobe
Quadrate lobe
Right medial lobe
Right lateral lobe
Caudate lobe
What are the two regions of the caudate liver lobe?
Caudate process
Papillary process
Which liver lobe contains the renal fossa?
Caudate process of the caudate lobe
Describe the topography of the carnivore liver within the abdominal cavity
The carnivore liver is found in the cranial region of the abdominal cavity, caudal to the diaphragm and cranial to the stomach
What are the three functions of the hilus/porta hepatis?
Point of entry and exit for blood vessels
Point of entry for the common/terminal bile duct
Point of attachment for the lesser omentum
What is the outer layer of the liver found directly under the serosa?
Tunica fibrosa
Which regions of the liver are not covered by a layer of serosa?
Hilus/porta hepatis
Ligament attachments
Gallbladder fossa
Renal fossa
What are hepatic lobules?
Hepatic lobules are the functional units of the liver
What shape are the hepatic lobules?
Hexagonal
Where is the portal triad located?
The portal traid is located at the corners of the hepatic lobules
Which three structures make up the portal triad?
Branch of the Hepatic artery
Branch of the Hepatic portal vein
Bile ductile
What is the pattern of bile flow?
Hepatocytes > Bile canuliculi > Bile ductiles > Small bile ducts > Large bile ducts > Common/terminal bile duct
What are the four cell types found within the liver?
Hepatocytes
Epithelial cells
Kupffer cells
Hepatic stellate cells
Describe the pattern of blood flow seen within the hepatic lobules
Blood flows through the branches of the hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein of the portal triad at each corner of the hepatic lobule. Blood is transported to the centre of the lobule via hepatic sinusoids and drains via the central hepatic venule
Why are there small gaps between the epithelial cells of the hepatic sinusoids?
The small gaps between the epithelial cells of the hepatic sinusoids allow for the blood travelling to the centre of the hepatic lobule to come into contact with the hepatocytes in order to carry out metabolic functions
What are the four functions of the hepatocytes?
Bile synthesis
Carbohydrate storage and metabolism
Temporary lipid storage
Protein synthesis
What is the function of the epithelial cells found in the liver?
Epithelial cells line the hepatic sinusoids
What is the function of the kupffer cells?
Kupffer cells are resident macrophages which line the hepatic sinusoids for immune-surveillance
What are the two functions of the hepatic stellate cells?
Vitamin A storage
Collagen synthesis
Where is the gallbladder located?
The gallbladder is located between the quadrate and right medial liver lobes
What is the function of the gallbladder?
Bile storage
What are the three hepatic ligaments?
Triangular ligaments
Coronary ligaments
Falciform ligament
What is the function of the triangular ligaments?
The triangular ligaments suspend the liver from the dorsal abdominal wall
What is the function of the coronary ligaments?
The coronary ligaments suspend the liver from the diaphragm
What is the function of the falciform ligament?
The falciform ligament suspends the liver from the ventral abdominal wall
Which two vessels supply blood to the liver?
Hepatic artery
Hepatic portal vein
Which vein drains the liver?
Hepatic vein which drains into the caudal vena cava
How is blood flow within the liver controlled?
Multiple small sphincters that regulate blood flow throughout the liver
What are the three regions of the pancreas?
Body
Left limb
Right limb
Describe where the central body of the pancreas is located within the abdominal cavity
Adjacent to the pylorus
Describe where the left limb of the pancreas is located within the abdominal cavity
Extends across the caudal surface of the corpus
Describe where the right limb of the pancreas is located within the abdominal cavity
Extends alongside the descending duodenum
What are the two ducts found within the pancreas?
Pancreatic duct
Accessory pancreatic duct
Where does the pancreatic duct empty into?
The pancreatic duct joins with the common/terminal bile duct and empties into the major duodenal papilla
Where does the accessory pancreatic duct empty into?
The accessory pancreatic duct empties into the minor duodenal papilla
Which animal often doesn’t have a pancreatic duct? Why is there no clinical consequences for this?
Dogs often don’t have a pancreatic duct but since both of the ducts drain both pancreatic limbs, there are no clinical consequences
Which three arteries supply the pancreas?
Pancreatic artery
Cranial pancreaticoduodenal artery
Caudal pancreaticoduodenal artery
Which two veins drain the pancreas?
Gastroduodenal vein and Cranial mesenteric vein which both drain into the hepatic portal system
