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MODULE 3 - Gastrointestinal System > ANATOMY - Cranial Anatomy > Flashcards

ANATOMY - Cranial Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three major regions of the skull?

A

Cranium
Maxilla
Mandible

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2
Q

What separates the flat bones of the skull?

A

Narrow cartilage strips known as sutures

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the infraorbital foramen?

A

The infraorbital foreman allows for the exit of the infraorbital nerve

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4
Q

What is the name of the structure that completes the bony orbit in herbivores?

A

Zygomatic process

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5
Q

Why do omnivores and carnivores have an incomplete bony orbit?

A

The orbital ligament present in the incomplete orbit allows carnivores and omnivores to open their mouths wider in order to accommodate their diet

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6
Q

What is the structure which seperates the nasal and incisive bone in equine, ruminant and porcine species?

A

Nasoincisive notch

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7
Q

What is the name of the structure extending from the zygomatic arch of the equine skull?

A

Facial crest

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8
Q

What is the name of the structure extending from the zygomatic arch in the ruminant skull?

A

Facial tuberosity

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9
Q

What are the two main regions of the mandible?

A

Ramus (vertical)
Body (horizontal)

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10
Q

What are the three possible processes present on the mandible?

A

Coronoid process
Condylar process
Angular process

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11
Q

Which of the mandibular processes are only present in carnivores?

A

Angular process

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the angular process in carnivores?

A

The angular process is an additional attachment for the masseter muscle in carnivores

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the mental foramina present on the mandible?

A

The mental foramina allow for the exit of the blood vessels and nerves which supply the lower lip

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the mandibular symphysis?

A

The mandibular symphysis is the joint attaching the left and right sides of the mandible

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15
Q

In which animals does the mandibular symphysis remain collagenous throughout life rather than ossify?

A

The mandibular symphysis remains collagenous within carnivores

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the mandibular notch present on the equine mandible?

A

The mandibular notch allows facial vessels and the parotid duct to pass through

17
Q

What is the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?

A

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the joint attaching the skull and the mandible

18
Q

What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?

A

Synovial joint

19
Q

Which two structures articulate the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?

A

The condylar process of the mandible and the mandibular fossa of the skull articulate the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

20
Q

What is the name of the process located caudal to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?

A

Retroarticular process

21
Q

What are the three muscles of mastication involved in closing the mouth?

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Pterygoideus

22
Q

What is the muscle of mastication involved in opening the mouth?

A

Digastricus

23
Q

Describe the location of the temporalis muscle?

A

The temporals muscle originates at the temporal fossa and inserts at the coronoid process

24
Q

Describe the location of the masseter muscle?

A

The masseter muscle originates at the zygomatic area and inserts at the lateral mandible

25
Q

Describe the location of the pterygoideus muscle?

A

The pterygoideus muscle originates at the pterygoid bone and inserts at the medial mandible

26
Q

Describe the location of the digastricus muscle?

A

The digastricus muscle originates at the paracondylar process and inserts at the caudal mandible

27
Q

Which muscles of mastication are an antagonistic pair?

A

The masseter and the pterygoideus muscle are antagonistic pair

28
Q

Which nerve innervates the temporalis, masseter and pterygoideus muscles?

A

Trigeminal nerve

29
Q

Which nerves innervate the digastricus muscle?

A

Trigeminal nerve and the Facial nerve

30
Q

What are the five major salivary glands?

A

Parotid glands
Mandibular glands
Sublingual glands
Zygomatic glands
Buccal

31
Q

Which of the major salivary glands are only found in carnivores?

A

Zygomatic glands

32
Q

Which species have buccal glands?

A

Equine
Ruminants
Porcine

33
Q

What is the largest salivary gland in the equine species?

A

Parotid glands

34
Q

What is the largest salivary gland in the ruminant?

A

Mandibular glands

35
Q

What is the largest salivary gland in the porcine species?

A

Parotid glands

36
Q

What are the nerves dorsal and ventral to the parotid duct?

A

The dorsal and ventral buccal branches of the facial nerve

MODULE 3 - Gastrointestinal System (17 decks)

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