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anatomy Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four types of tissue?

A

-epithelial
-connective
-muscular
-nervous

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2
Q

what is the function of epithelial tissue?

A

-covers body surfaces
-lines body cavities

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3
Q

what is the function of connective tissue?

A

-binds and supports body parts

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4
Q

what is the function of muscular tissue?

A

-moves body and its parts

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5
Q

what is the function of nervous tissue?

A

-recieves stimuli
-conducts nervous impulses

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6
Q

what are the four types of epithelial tissue?

A

-squamous
-cuboidal
-columnar
-psuedostratified

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7
Q

where is squamous epithelial tissue found?

A

-lungs

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8
Q

where is cuboidal epithelial tissue found?

A

-kidney tubules

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9
Q

where is columnar epithelial tissue found?

A

-small intestines

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10
Q

where is psuedostratified epithelial tissue found?

A

-trachea

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11
Q

what are the five types of connective tissue?

A

-loose fibrous connective tissue
-dense fibrous connective tissue
-cartilage
-bone
-blood

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12
Q

where is loose fibrous connective tissue found?

A

-connects epithelium to organs

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13
Q

where is dense fibrous connective tissue found?

A

-tendons
-ligaments

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14
Q

where is cartilage connective tissue found?

A

-ends of bone

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15
Q

where is bone connective tissue found?

A

-in the skeleton

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16
Q

where is blood connective tissue found?

A

-all over the body

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17
Q

what are the three types of muscular tissue?

A

-skeletal
-cardiac
-smooth

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18
Q

where is skeletal muscular tissue found?

A

-attached to bone by tendons

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19
Q

where is cardiac muscular tissue found?

A

-in the walls of the heart

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20
Q

where is smooth muscular tissue found?

A

-in the intestines

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21
Q

what are the 11 body systems?

A

-muscular
-skeletal
-respiratory
-integumentary
-endocrine
-nervous
-circulartory
-urinary
-digestive
-lymphatic
-reproductive

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22
Q

what is an example of negative feedback in the human body?

A

-body temperature
-set point of ideal temp: if body gets too low or too high it tries to return through negative feedback

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23
Q

what happens with negative feedback when body temperature is too high?

A

-hypothalamus in the brain is the thermostat
-the stimulus = above normal body temperature
-control center acts to lower body temp via nerve impulses to get back to normal
-blood vessels dilate and sweat glands secrete

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24
Q

what happens with negative feedback when body temperature is too low?

A

-hypothalamus in the brain is the thermostat
-the stimulus= below normal body temperature
-control center acts to raise body temp via nerve impulses to get back to normal
-blood vessels constrict and sweat glands go inactive

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25
what valves are between the atriums and ventricles?
-atrioventricular valves
26
what valves are between the ventricles and arteries?
-semilunar valves
27
what is the difference between an artery and a vein?
-arteries take blood away from the heart -veins bring blood to the heart
28
trace the path of blood through the right atrium of the heart and out
-blood enters through the superior and inferior vena cava -passes into right atrium--> tricuspid valve-->right ventricle-->pulmonary semilunar valve--> pulmonary trunk and out trhough pulmonary arteries -exits to lungs
29
trace the path of blood through the left side of the heart to the tissue and back
-back into heart through pulmonary veins-->left atrium--> left ventricle-->aortic semilunar valve--> aorta -exits to digestive tract (heptatic vein-->inferior vena cava) -exits to kidneys (renal artery--> renal vein--> inferior vena cava) -exits to trunk and legs (artery--> arteriole--> precapillary sphincter--> capillaries/shunt--> venules--> veins--> inferior vena cava)
30
what are three ways our body veins use to help veins return blood to the heart?
-skeletal muscle help force blood back toward heart -reduce pressure in thoracic cavity during inhalation -valves prevent backflow
31
what are the five organs of the lymphatic system?
-thymus -tonsil -red bone marrow -spleen -appendix
32
what is the function of the thymus in the lymphatic system?
-location where lymphocytes from immune system mature
33
what is the function of the tonsil in the lymphatic system?
-patches of lymphatic tissues -protect body from pathogens through nose and mouth
34
what is the function of the red bone marrow in the lymphatic system?
-majority of types of blood cells produced here
35
what is the function of the spleen in the lymphatic system?
-removes cellular debris and bacteria from the blood
36
what is the function of the appendix in the lymphatic system?
-protects small and large intestine from infection
37
what forces cause capillary exchange to happen?
-blood pressure and osmotic pressure
38
how does blood pressure cause the capillary exchange to happen?
-blood pressure caused by beating heart -forces water out of the arterial end -supplies oxygen and nutrients to tissue fluid -blood pressure reduced at venous end
39
how does osmotic pressure cause the capillary exchange to happen?
-caused by salt and protein content in blood -draws water into venous end -collects carbon dioxide and wastes into blood
40
what are the four parts of blood?
-red blood cells -white blood cells -platelets -plasma
41
what is the function/role of red blood cells in the blood?
-transport oxygen -helps transport carbon dioxide
42
what is the function/role of platelets in the blood?
-aid in clotting
43
what is the function/role of plasma in the blood?
-liquid portion of the blood
44
what are the five white blood cell types?
-neutrophils -eosinophils -basophils -lymphocytes -monocytes
45
what is the function of neutrophil white blood cells?
-phagocytize pathogens and cellular debris
46
what is the function of eosinophil white blood cells?
-use granule contents to digest large pathogens (ex. worms) -reduce inflammation
47
what is the function of basophil white blood cells?
-promote bloodflow to injured tissues -inflammatory response
48
what is the function of lymphocyte white blood cells?
-specific immunity -b cells produce antibodies -t cells destory cancer and virus infected cells
49
what is the functino of monocyte white blood cells?
-become macrophages -phagocytize pathogens and cellular debris
50
what is the function of cilia in the respiratory passageways?
-act as screening devices -beat upward to clean passages
51
how does inspiration bring air into the lungs?
-air moves into lungs due to negative pressure caused by muscle contractions -diaphragm contracts and lowers -ribs move up and out -expands thoracic cavity -lungs follow the wall of the cavity and the lungs suck in air
52
how does expiration remove air from the lungs?
-air moves out of the lungs due to increased pressure caused by muscle relaxation -diaphragm moves up and relaxes -ribs move down and in -thoracic cavity becomes smaller and lungs move with it
53
muscular system function
-allows the body and its parts to move
54
skeletal system function
-provides structure
55
respiratory system function
-brings oxygen into body -removes carbon dioxide from body
56
integumentary system function
-barrier between body and outside world -protection
57
endocrine system function
-secretes hormones that serve as messengers to body parts
58
nervous system function
-coordinate and regulate other functions of body systems -recieves stimuli and elicits response
59
circulatory system function
-blood (aided by heart and blood vessels) transports oxygen and nutrients to tissue fluid for cells -removes waste from tissue fluid
60
urinary system function
-rids blood of wastes -helps regulate fluid level and chemical content of blood
61
digestive system function
-recieves food -digests it into nutrient molecules that enter blood
62
lymphatic system function
-collects excess tissue fluid -absorbs excess fat from digestive system
63
reproductive system function
-create offspring/ things needed to create offspring

biology (9 decks)

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