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Anatomy Spot Flashcards

1
Q

middle lobe of right lung auscultate where

A

For middle lobe of right lung, place stethoscope between ribs 4 and 6 in mid-clavicular

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2
Q

For lung bases, auscultate where

2 places

A

scapular line at T11 vertebral level.

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3
Q

Horizontal fissure of right lung is? which rib

A

RIB 4

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4
Q

Oblique fissures of left and right lungs? front rib and back T?

A

Level of rib 6 anteriorly,

T3 posteriorly.

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5
Q

Larynx becomes the trachea at what level

A

C6

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6
Q

Intercostal neurovascular bundles, from superior to inferior

A

Vein
Artery
Nerve

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7
Q
  • Openings in the diaphragm.

‘I Ate (8)
10 Eggs
At 12.’

A

i 8= inferior vena cava pierce at T8,

10 Eggs= Esophagus pierces diaphragm at T10

At 12 = Aorta / Azygous vein/ Thoracic duct pierces diaphragm at T12

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8
Q

The sternal angle is where

The xiphoid process is where

A

Sternal Angle= 2nd Rib

xiphoid process= T10

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9
Q

diaphragm ,what type of muscle

A

diaphragm is a skeletal muscle.

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10
Q
  • Phrenic nerve is made up of the- what keeps diaphragm alive
A

anterior rami of C3, C4, C5.

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11
Q
  • Long thoracic nerve supplies what ?
A

serratus anterior.

Paralysis of this nerve results in winged scapula.

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12
Q

Costodiaphragmatic recess: The recess formed at the junction of the costal and diaphragmatic pleurae. It is the lowest part of the pleural cavity.

Costophrenic angle: The angle formed by the junction of the costal and diaphragmatic pleurae. It is the most inferior part of the costodiaphragmatic recess.

A

Costodiaphragmatic recess: The recess formed at the junction of the costal and diaphragmatic pleurae. It is the lowest part of the pleural cavity.

Costophrenic angle: The angle formed by the junction of the costal and diaphragmatic pleurae. It is the most inferior part of the costodiaphragmatic recess.

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13
Q
  • The ‘tongue’ of the superior lobe of the left lung is called the ?
A

lingula.

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14
Q
  • Cephalic vein is located in the
A

delto-pectoral groove.

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15
Q
  • Trachea bifurcates where?
A

T4/T5

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16
Q

Inguinal ligaments attach between what?

A

ASIS and pubic tubercle

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17
Q

The deep ring is the midpoint of the what

A

inguinal ligament.

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18
Q

Direct inguinal hernia –

A

DIRECTLY out of the SUPERFICIAL ring.

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19
Q
  • Indirect inguinal hernia –
A

through the DEEP, into the inguinal canal, then out of the superficial ring.

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20
Q

vagus nerve is medial to the what?

A

vagus nerve is medial to the phrenic nerve.

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21
Q

Order of Great Vessels

A

SAP

Superior vena cava- Aorta- Pulmonary artery

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22
Q

Tricuspid valve sits where

A

coronary groove which contains the right coronary artery.

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23
Q

Portal triad ->

A

HAP= Smallest
Common Bile Duct= Middle
PV= Largest

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24
Q

Hepatic artery proper:

branch of?

A

The hepatic artery proper is the branch of the celiac trunk that supplies oxygenated blood to the liver

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25
Common bile duct:
the common bile duct carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the small intestine. MIDDLE
26
Portal vein:
The portal vein carries nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver for processing. largest of the three structures.
27
Phrenic nerve -> Vagus nerve ->
Phrenic nerve -> in front of the hilum Vagus nerve -> behind the hilum
28
which lympth nodes in hilar of lung
bronchopulmonary lymph nodes
29
Horizontal fissure: Oblique fissure:
Horizontal fissure: both rib 4 Oblique fissure: right rib 6
30
Mediastinum Middle ->
Middle -> heart, root of great vessels
31
Layers of heart inside to out
Endocardium Myocardium Epicardium Visceral Pericardium Parietal Pericardium Fibrous Pericardium
32
papillary muscles and chordae tendineae
papillary muscles = Thick chordae tendineae = Thin
33
S1 and S2 S3
s1= lub (tricuspid and mitral valves closing), s2= dub (aortic and pulmonary valves closing) S3= Normal. Filling of ventricles in diastole
34
Anterior cardiac veins directly to where?
Anterior cardiac veins directly to RA! Other veins = Coronary sinus
35
Heart borders: Right border – Inferior border – Anterior - Base (posterior) -
Heart borders: Right border – Right atrium Inferior border – Left ventricle and right ventricle Anterior - Right ventricle Base (posterior) - Left atrium
36
Foregut: 4 things in it blood supply which nerve
esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, GB, blood supply = celiac trunk. vagus nerve.
37
Midgut: + blood supply
jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, blood supply from the superior mesenteric artery.
38
Hindgut blood supply
descending colon down inferior mesenteric artery. Pelvic splanchnic nerve
39
Cardia, what level
T11
40
Pylorus
L1, transpyloric plane
41
Stomach blood supplied by?
Coeliac Trunk
42
Ascending colon and proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon – derived from?
derived from the midgut
43
Distal 1/3 of the transverse colon, descending colon and sigmoid colon – derived from ?
hindgut
44
Coeliac Trunk level
T12
45
Superior mesenteric artery
L1
46
Inferior mesenteric artery
L3
47
Bifurcation of Aorta
L4
48
Hole between left / right atrium = Foramen Ovale function = After birth =
Hole between left / right atrium = Foramen Ovale Foramen Ovale function = oxygenated blood to bypass the lungs, which are non-functional in the fetus After birth = Foramen Ovale closes, and forms fossa ovalis
49
crista terminalis ,
serves as a landmark for several important structures, including the sinoatrial (SA) node
50
AV PV TV MV
Aortic valve: 2nd (ICS) at the right sternal border. Pulmonary valve: 2nd (ICS) at the left sternal border. Tricuspid valve: 4th ICS at the lower left sternal border. Mitral valve: 5th ICS at the mid-clavicular line
51
- Transverse thoracic plane
is the ‘line’ between the sternal angle, and the T4/5 intervertebral disc. his differentiates the superior mediastinum from the inferior mediastinum.
52
Azygous vein drains into?
Azygous vein drains into the SVC.
53
2 coronary arteries branch from the ascending aorta. 3 main arteries off arch of Aorta
right and left coronary artery brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery branch from the arch of the aorta
54
- Venous angle –
the junction between the subclavian and internal jugular veins.
55
bifurcation of the trachea to the bronchi, and the question was ‘what group of lymph nodes are found here’?
Answer: tracheobronchial lymph nodes
56
Left recurrent laryngeal branch of the left vagus nerve hooks under the
ligament arteriosum a small ligament attaching the aorta to the pulmonary artery
57
- Nerves of the superior mediastinum, from lateral to medial:
Phrenic Vagus Recurrent Laryngeal
58
- Right recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks under
the right subclavian artery, and does not enter the chest.
59
Left recurrent laryngeal branch of the left vagus nerve hooks under the
ligament arteriosum a small ligament attaching the aorta to the pulmonary artery
60
- Lymph from the inferior lobe of the left lung can drain into
the right lymphatic duct.
61
- From anterior to posterior, the structures of the posterior mediastinum are:
Brachiocephalic veins + SVC. Arch of aorta. Trachea. Oesophagus. Thoracic duct.
62
tongue muscles are innervated
by CNXII (hypoglossal), except the palatoglossus which is innervated by CNX (vagus).
63
- Constrictor muscles of the pharynx are the external layer of pharyngeal muscles, are innervated by what?
and are innervated by CNX
64
- The gag reflex:
Sensory limb – CNIX. Motor limb – CNIX + CNX.
65
- Muscles of jaw closing and opening are all innervated by CNV3 –
the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve.
66
- Muscles of jaw closing:
masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid.
67
- Muscle of jaw opening:
lateral pterygoid.
68
pain associated with appendicitis,
starts as a dull ache around the umbilicus, then moves to become a localised sharp pain in the RIF do to irritation of the parietal peritoneum.
69
Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2, S3, S4) –
from the descending colon to the anal canal
70
- The liver is an
intraperitoneal organ.
71
T what to what Foregut – Midgut – Hindgut –
Foregut – T6 to T9. Midgut – T8 to T12. Hindgut – T10 to L2.
72
gall bladder job
gall bladder stores AND concentrates bile.
73
- Blood supply to the stomach:
Right (from hepatic artery) and left (from coeliac trunk) gastric arteries. Right (from gastro-duodenal branch of hepatic artery) and left (from splenic artery) gastro-omental arteries.
74
- Know the different liver lobes:
right, left, caudate, quadrate
75
- Blood supply to the gall bladder is via the
cystic artery.
76
- Bile duct joins with the pancreatic duct to form the ampulla of
ampulla of vater
77
- Jaundice is caused by ?
- Jaundice is caused by an increase in blood levels of bilirubin.
78
- Blood supply to the pancreas:
Mainly from pancreatic branches of splenic artery.
79
- Pudendal nerve: ‘
S2, 3, 4 keeps the pelvis off the floor.’

Year 1 (8 decks)

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