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Year 1 > Anatomy Spot > Flashcards

Anatomy Spot Flashcards

1
Q

middle lobe of right lung auscultate where

A

For middle lobe of right lung, place stethoscope between ribs 4 and 6 in mid-clavicular

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2
Q

For lung bases, auscultate where

2 places

A

scapular line at T11 vertebral level.

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3
Q

Horizontal fissure of right lung is? which rib

A

RIB 4

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4
Q

Oblique fissures of left and right lungs? front rib and back T?

A

Level of rib 6 anteriorly,

T3 posteriorly.

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5
Q

Larynx becomes the trachea at what level

A

C6

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6
Q

Intercostal neurovascular bundles, from superior to inferior

A

Vein
Artery
Nerve

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7
Q
  • Openings in the diaphragm.

‘I Ate (8)
10 Eggs
At 12.’

A

i 8= inferior vena cava pierce at T8,

10 Eggs= Esophagus pierces diaphragm at T10

At 12 = Aorta / Azygous vein/ Thoracic duct pierces diaphragm at T12

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8
Q

The sternal angle is where

The xiphoid process is where

A

Sternal Angle= 2nd Rib

xiphoid process= T10

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9
Q

diaphragm ,what type of muscle

A

diaphragm is a skeletal muscle.

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10
Q
  • Phrenic nerve is made up of the- what keeps diaphragm alive
A

anterior rami of C3, C4, C5.

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11
Q
  • Long thoracic nerve supplies what ?
A

serratus anterior.

Paralysis of this nerve results in winged scapula.

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12
Q

Costodiaphragmatic recess: The recess formed at the junction of the costal and diaphragmatic pleurae. It is the lowest part of the pleural cavity.

Costophrenic angle: The angle formed by the junction of the costal and diaphragmatic pleurae. It is the most inferior part of the costodiaphragmatic recess.

A

Costodiaphragmatic recess: The recess formed at the junction of the costal and diaphragmatic pleurae. It is the lowest part of the pleural cavity.

Costophrenic angle: The angle formed by the junction of the costal and diaphragmatic pleurae. It is the most inferior part of the costodiaphragmatic recess.

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13
Q
  • The ‘tongue’ of the superior lobe of the left lung is called the ?
A

lingula.

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14
Q
  • Cephalic vein is located in the
A

delto-pectoral groove.

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15
Q
  • Trachea bifurcates where?
A

T4/T5

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16
Q

Inguinal ligaments attach between what?

A

ASIS and pubic tubercle

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17
Q

The deep ring is the midpoint of the what

A

inguinal ligament.

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18
Q

Direct inguinal hernia –

A

DIRECTLY out of the SUPERFICIAL ring.

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19
Q
  • Indirect inguinal hernia –
A

through the DEEP, into the inguinal canal, then out of the superficial ring.

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20
Q

vagus nerve is medial to the what?

A

vagus nerve is medial to the phrenic nerve.

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21
Q

Order of Great Vessels

A

SAP

Superior vena cava- Aorta- Pulmonary artery

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22
Q

Tricuspid valve sits where

A

coronary groove which contains the right coronary artery.

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23
Q

Portal triad ->

A

HAP= Smallest
Common Bile Duct= Middle
PV= Largest

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24
Q

Hepatic artery proper:

branch of?

A

The hepatic artery proper is the branch of the celiac trunk that supplies oxygenated blood to the liver

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25
Q

Common bile duct:

A

the common bile duct carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the small intestine.

MIDDLE

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26
Q

Portal vein:

A

The portal vein carries nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver for processing.

largest of the three structures.

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27
Q

Phrenic nerve ->
Vagus nerve ->

A

Phrenic nerve -> in front of the hilum
Vagus nerve -> behind the hilum

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28
Q

which lympth nodes in hilar of lung

A

bronchopulmonary lymph nodes

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29
Q

Horizontal fissure:
Oblique fissure:

A

Horizontal fissure: both rib 4
Oblique fissure: right rib 6

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30
Q

Mediastinum

Middle ->

A

Middle -> heart, root of great vessels

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31
Q

Layers of heart inside to out

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
Visceral Pericardium
Parietal Pericardium
Fibrous Pericardium

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32
Q

papillary muscles and

chordae tendineae

A

papillary muscles = Thick

chordae tendineae = Thin

33
Q

S1 and S2

S3

A

s1= lub (tricuspid and mitral valves closing),

s2= dub (aortic and pulmonary valves closing)

S3= Normal. Filling of ventricles in diastole

34
Q

Anterior cardiac veins directly to where?

A

Anterior cardiac veins directly to RA!

Other veins = Coronary sinus

35
Q

Heart borders:

Right border –
Inferior border –

Anterior -
Base (posterior) -

A

Heart borders:

Right border – Right atrium

Inferior border – Left ventricle and right ventricle

Anterior - Right ventricle

Base (posterior) - Left atrium

36
Q

Foregut:

4 things in it

blood supply

which nerve

A

esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, GB,

blood supply = celiac trunk.

vagus nerve.

37
Q

Midgut:

+

blood supply

A

jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon,

blood supply from the superior mesenteric artery.

38
Q

Hindgut

blood supply

A

descending colon down

inferior mesenteric artery.

Pelvic splanchnic nerve

39
Q

Cardia, what level

A

T11

40
Q

Pylorus

A

L1, transpyloric plane

41
Q

Stomach blood supplied by?

A

Coeliac Trunk

42
Q

Ascending colon and proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon – derived from?

A

derived from the midgut

43
Q

Distal 1/3 of the transverse colon, descending colon and sigmoid colon – derived from ?

A

hindgut

44
Q

Coeliac Trunk level

A

T12

45
Q

Superior mesenteric artery

A

L1

46
Q

Inferior mesenteric artery

A

L3

47
Q

Bifurcation of Aorta

A

L4

48
Q

Hole between left / right atrium =

Foramen Ovale function =

After birth =

A

Hole between left / right atrium = Foramen Ovale

Foramen Ovale function = oxygenated blood to bypass the lungs, which are non-functional in the fetus

After birth = Foramen Ovale closes, and forms fossa ovalis

49
Q

crista terminalis ,

A

serves as a landmark for several important structures, including the sinoatrial (SA) node

50
Q

AV

PV

TV

MV

A

Aortic valve: 2nd (ICS) at the right sternal border.

Pulmonary valve: 2nd (ICS) at the left sternal border.

Tricuspid valve: 4th ICS at the lower left sternal border.

Mitral valve: 5th ICS at the mid-clavicular line

51
Q
  • Transverse thoracic plane
A

is the ‘line’ between the sternal angle, and the T4/5 intervertebral disc.

his differentiates the superior mediastinum from the inferior mediastinum.

52
Q

Azygous vein drains into?

A

Azygous vein drains into the SVC.

53
Q

2 coronary arteries branch from the ascending aorta.

3 main arteries off arch of Aorta

A

right and left coronary artery

brachiocephalic trunk,

left common carotid artery,

left subclavian artery branch from the arch of the aorta

54
Q
  • Venous angle –
A

the junction between the subclavian and internal jugular veins.

55
Q

bifurcation of the trachea to the bronchi, and the question was ‘what group of lymph nodes are found here’?

A

Answer: tracheobronchial lymph nodes

56
Q

Left recurrent laryngeal branch of the left vagus nerve hooks under the

A

ligament arteriosum

a small ligament attaching the aorta to the pulmonary artery

57
Q
  • Nerves of the superior mediastinum, from lateral to medial:
A

Phrenic Vagus Recurrent Laryngeal

58
Q
  • Right recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks under
A

the right subclavian artery, and does not enter the chest.

59
Q

Left recurrent laryngeal branch of the left vagus nerve hooks under the

A

ligament arteriosum

a small ligament attaching the aorta to the pulmonary artery

60
Q
  • Lymph from the inferior lobe of the left lung can drain into
A

the right lymphatic duct.

61
Q
  • From anterior to posterior, the structures of the posterior mediastinum are:
A

Brachiocephalic veins + SVC.
Arch of aorta.
Trachea.
Oesophagus.
Thoracic duct.

62
Q

tongue muscles are innervated

A

by CNXII (hypoglossal), except the palatoglossus which is innervated by CNX (vagus).

63
Q
  • Constrictor muscles of the pharynx are the external layer of pharyngeal muscles, are innervated by what?
A

and are innervated by CNX

64
Q
  • The gag reflex:
A

Sensory limb – CNIX.
Motor limb – CNIX + CNX.

65
Q
  • Muscles of jaw closing and opening are all innervated by CNV3 –
A

the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve.

66
Q
  • Muscles of jaw closing:
A

masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid.

67
Q
  • Muscle of jaw opening:
A

lateral pterygoid.

68
Q

pain associated with appendicitis,

A

starts as a dull ache around the umbilicus, then moves to become a localised sharp pain in the RIF do to irritation of the parietal peritoneum.

69
Q

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2, S3, S4) –

A

from the descending colon to the anal canal

70
Q
  • The liver is an
A

intraperitoneal organ.

71
Q

T what to what

Foregut –
Midgut –
Hindgut –

A

Foregut – T6 to T9.
Midgut – T8 to T12.
Hindgut – T10 to L2.

72
Q

gall bladder job

A

gall bladder stores AND concentrates bile.

73
Q
  • Blood supply to the stomach:
A

Right (from hepatic artery) and left (from coeliac trunk) gastric arteries.

Right (from gastro-duodenal branch of hepatic artery) and left (from splenic artery) gastro-omental arteries.

74
Q
  • Know the different liver lobes:
A

right, left, caudate, quadrate

75
Q
  • Blood supply to the gall bladder is via the
A

cystic artery.

76
Q
  • Bile duct joins with the pancreatic duct to form the ampulla of
A

ampulla of vater

77
Q
  • Jaundice is caused by ?
A
  • Jaundice is caused by an increase in blood levels of bilirubin.
78
Q
  • Blood supply to the pancreas:
A

Mainly from pancreatic branches of splenic artery.

79
Q
  • Pudendal nerve: ‘
A

S2, 3, 4 keeps the pelvis off the floor.’

Year 1 (8 decks)

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