Anatomy Resp Flashcards
Frontal lobe of the right lung can be auscultated by placing the stethoscope between which ribs and at which anatomical lines?
Ribs 4 and 6 in mid-clavicular and mid-axillary lines.
At what vertebral level does the trachea form from the larynx?
C6 level
Which artery supplies the anterior intercostal spaces?
Internal thoracic artery.
What structure does the long thoracic nerve innervate?
Serratus anterior muscle.
What nerve is formed by the anterior rami of C3, C4, and C5?
Phrenic nerve
Which blood vessel runs alongside the sternum, giving rise to the anterior intercostal arteries?
Internal thoracic artery
What is the name of the most inferior part of the pleural cavity, which can show fluid build-up as blunting of angles on X-ray?
Costodiaphragmatic recess
What is the name of the “tongue” of the superior lobe of the left lung?
Lingula
At what anatomical landmark does the trachea bifurcate?
At the level of the sternal angle.
Where is the cephalic vein located?
In the delto-pectoral groove.
Which ligament attaches between the ASIS and pubic tubercle?
Inguinal ligament.
What structure is located at the midpoint of the inguinal ligament?
The deep ring
Describe the difference between direct and indirect inguinal hernias.
Direct inguinal hernia protrudes directly through the superficial ring, while indirect hernia first enters the deep ring before protruding through the superficial ring.
A 28-year-old man is shot in the right chest and develops a right haemothorax necessitating a thoracotomy. The surgeons decided to place a vascular clamp across the hilum of the right lung. Which structures will lie most anteriorly at this point?
Phrenic nerve
A 67-year-old gentleman presents to the Emergency Department with acute central chest pain that is sharp and stabbing in nature. The pain radiates to the back, neck, and left shoulder. The pain is relieved by sitting forward and worsened by lying down, and he feels feverish. He tells you that he had a recent hospital admission for a heart attack three weeks ago. Upon auscultation at the left sternal border, you can hear a scratchy sound while the patient leans forward and holds his breath. His ECG shows widespread ST-segment saddle elevation and PR-segment depression.
What nerve is the cause of this shoulder pain?
Phrenic nerve - supplies the pericardium
A 72-year-old man with carcinoma of the lung is undergoing a left pneumonectomy. The left main bronchus is divided. Which thoracic vertebrae lies posterior to this structure?
T6
C3-C6 corresponds to what?
Larynx
T12-L1 corresponds to what?
Duodenum
A 5-year-old boy is playing with some small ball bearings. Unfortunately he inhales one. To which of the following lung regions is the ball most likely to settle?
Right Lower/middle Lobe
The space between the vocal cords is referred to as what?
Rima glottidis
A man is stabbed in the chest to the right of the manubriosternal angle. Which structure is least likely to be injured in this case?
Right Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Long thoracic nerve is susceptible to damage during what?
Chest Drain insertion
Can you differentiate between a direct and an indirect inguinal hernia?
Yes, to differentiate between the two, reduce the hernia, occlude the deep ring with the fingertip, and ask the patient to cough. If it is a direct hernia, the lump will reappear, as it does not need to pass through the deep ring to get out into the scrotum
What is the consequence of paralysis of the long thoracic nerve?
A winged scapula
What nerve supplies the serratus anterior muscle?
The long thoracic nerve
What is the mnemonic for remembering the openings in the diaphragm?
The mnemonic is “I Ate 10 Eggs At 12” (Inferior vena cava pierces at T8, Oesophagus pierces at T10, Aorta pierces at T12)
What is the order of the intercostal neurovascular bundles from superior to inferior?
The order is vein, artery, then nerve (VAN)
What is the arterial supply and venous drainage of the intercostal spaces?
Anterior intercostal arteries branch from the internal thoracic artery and anterior intercostal veins drain into internal thoracic veins
While posterior intercostal arteries branch from the thoracic aorta, and posterior intercostal veins drain into the azygous vein
What is the structure that marks the boundary between the thorax and abdomen?
The diaphragm marks the boundary between the thorax and abdomen
What is the primary muscle responsible for respiration at rest?
The diaphragm
The liver lies deep to what ribs?
7-11
Where does azygous vein drain into?
SVC
A 17-year-old female presents to the emergency department with wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. The patient has a history of bronchospasm caused by exercise-induced asthma. Which nerve(s) should the physician block to treat the patient’s bronchospasm?
Vagus nerve
A 65-year-old man is taken to the emergency department by his wife after collapsing while shovelling snow. The patient reports a crushing chest pain that he has never felt before, as well as left arm and jaw pain. His wife reports that he has had chest pain in the past that occurs with exertion and is relieved with rest, and he has a past medical history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and smoking. The emergency room provider orders an angiogram for further assessment.
If there were a gradual narrowing of the right coronary artery, a direct anastomosis with which other arteries would allow retrograde flow to develop?
Left circumference artery
Asian man with night sweats, fever and weight loss?
TB
Biliary tract infection treatment
Ciprofloxacin or gentamicin or a cephalosporin
Posterior intercostal spaces
thoracic aorta/azygous vein
Anterior intercostal spaces
internal thoracic artery/vein
