anatomy of the male reproductive system

Question 1

what are the male reproductive organs

Answer 1

tests, spermatic cord, prostate gland , urethra and penis

Question 2

what does the scrotum contain

Answer 2

testis

epididymis and begging of the spermatic cord( the vas ) )in the anterior part of the perineum

Question 3

Testis start retroperitoneally and take blood supply from anterior abdo wall to perineum down the inguinal canal

undescended testicle indicative of

Answer 3

testicular cancer

Question 4

what are the 9 layers of the scrotum

what are the sup 3

Answer 4

scrotal raphae( and penil raphae) - this is the wrinkly skin
then the dartos muscle - regulation of temp and pulls testis upward when cold
colles fascia - campers and scarpers fascia

Question 5

what are the middle 3 layers

Answer 5

Internal spermatic fascia Transversalis fascia
Cremasteric fascia From the fascial coverings of internal oblique
External spermatic fascia External oblique aponeurosis

Question 6

arterial supply of the scrotum

Answer 6

anterior and posterior scortla arteries

Question 7

deep 3 layers

Answer 7

Parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis is the innermost layer
visceral tunical vaginalis
tunica albuginea

Question 8

9 contents of the inguinal canal some in the spermatic cord

Answer 8

3 nerves – genital branch of genitofemoral, illioinguinal nerve and the autonomic fibres for sperm production
3 arteries – cremasteric, testis artery and artery to the vas and 3 other structure – the vas deferens, veins the paniniform plexus and lymphatic which follows the arterie back to abdominal aorta .

Question 9

rf for breech

Answer 9

maternal obesity

Question 10

what is a varicocele

what might you be worried about

Answer 10

A varicocele is an abnormal enlargement of the testicular veins. They are usually asymptomatic but may be important as they are associated with infertility.

– embedded flow back to the renal vein so need to check abdomen would be worried about a renal cancer from panipform

Question 11

cremasteric reflex mediated by what nerve root

Answer 11

L1

Question 12

A hydrocele describes the accumulation of fluid within the tunica vaginalis. which may leak to where

Answer 12

testes

Question 13

how can you diagnose a hydrocele

Answer 13

transilumiantion

Question 14

testicular torsion what happens as twisted vas

Answer 14

Cute the blood supply from leaving the testes due to lower pressure and then cuts off arterial supply due to pressure increase.

Question 15

treatment of cryptorchidism

Answer 15

Orchidopexy at 6- 18 months of age. The operation usually consists of inguinal exploration, mobilisation of the testis and implantation into a dartos pouch.
Intra-abdominal testis should be evaluated laparoscopically and mobilised. Whether this is a single stage or two stage procedure depends upon the exact location.
After the age of 2 years in untreated individuals the Sertoli cells will degrade and those presenting late in teenage years may be better served by orchidectomy than to try and salvage a non functioning testis with an increased risk of malignancy.

Question 16

what is an inguinal hernia

Answer 16

Abdominal contents can herniate through into the scrotum called inguinal hernia

Question 17

difference between inguinal hernias

relaiton to epigastric vessel s

direct medial

Answer 17

Through inguinal canal through both rings and therefore going indirectly through the abdominal wall
It is going lateral to the inferior epigastric£c vessels to enter deep 8nguinal ring so is indirect hernia

Direct is medial to the inferior epigastric vessels

Question 18

vasectomy irreversible or not

Answer 18

irreversible

Question 19

what is the utricle

Answer 19

The prostatic utricle is a small, epithelium-lined diverticulum of the prostatic urethra

Question 20

Enlarged prostate – UR, incontinece , poor stream and dribbling

what cancer marker can you use

Answer 20

PSA

protease enzyme produced by normal and malignant prostate epithelial cells.

Question 21

when might PSA levels be raised

Answer 21

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
prostatitis and urinary tract infection (NICE recommend to postpone the PSA test for at least 1 month after treatment)
ejaculation (ideally not in the previous 48 hours)
vigorous exercise (ideally not in the previous 48 hours)
urinary retention
instrumentation of the urinary tract

Question 22

prostate metastias commonly go where

what tests can you do

Answer 22

to the spine

Bone scan for prostate metastasis – increaass bone turnover – more black is where the metastasis are
Urethra ruptured in shaft passing into the skin of the penis – looks like a marrow in penniless urethra in bucks fascia

If breakage behind bucks fascia and urine will go down into the scrotum so get ant abdominal wall swelling

Question 23

pudendal nerve comes out of what whole in the pelvis

Answer 23

greater sciatic foramen

Question 24

prostate does wha t

Answer 24

alkaline bit to semen

Question 25

bulbourethral gland in males fucntin

Answer 25

add fluids to semen during the process of ejaculation

Question 26

Ischiocavernosus function

Answer 26

The main function of the ischiocavernosus muscles is to provide extra rigidity of the erected penis by compressing the penile crus during the rigid phase of erection.

Question 27

Bulbospongiosus Function

Answer 27

The bulbospongiosus muscle acts to expel remaining urine from the urethra after the bladder has completed its emptying. In males it also aids in the final stages of erection by compressing the veins within the bulb of the penis to maintain tumescence.

Question 28

3 parts of male uretrha

Answer 28

Prostatic Part:
 3 cm
 Widest & most
dilatable
 Membranous
Part:
 1.25 cm
 Least dilatable
 Spongy Part:
 16 cm
 External meatus
narrowest part
 Then wide
navicular fossa