anatomy of the male reproductive system Flashcards
what are the male reproductive organs
tests, spermatic cord, prostate gland , urethra and penis
what does the scrotum contain
testis
epididymis and begging of the spermatic cord( the vas ) )in the anterior part of the perineum
Testis start retroperitoneally and take blood supply from anterior abdo wall to perineum down the inguinal canal
undescended testicle indicative of
testicular cancer
what are the 9 layers of the scrotum
what are the sup 3
scrotal raphae( and penil raphae) - this is the wrinkly skin
then the dartos muscle - regulation of temp and pulls testis upward when cold
colles fascia - campers and scarpers fascia
what are the middle 3 layers
Internal spermatic fascia Transversalis fascia
Cremasteric fascia From the fascial coverings of internal oblique
External spermatic fascia External oblique aponeurosis
arterial supply of the scrotum
anterior and posterior scortla arteries
deep 3 layers
Parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis is the innermost layer
visceral tunical vaginalis
tunica albuginea
9 contents of the inguinal canal some in the spermatic cord
3 nerves – genital branch of genitofemoral, illioinguinal nerve and the autonomic fibres for sperm production
3 arteries – cremasteric, testis artery and artery to the vas and 3 other structure – the vas deferens, veins the paniniform plexus and lymphatic which follows the arterie back to abdominal aorta .
rf for breech
maternal obesity
what is a varicocele
what might you be worried about
A varicocele is an abnormal enlargement of the testicular veins. They are usually asymptomatic but may be important as they are associated with infertility.
– embedded flow back to the renal vein so need to check abdomen would be worried about a renal cancer from panipform
cremasteric reflex mediated by what nerve root
L1
A hydrocele describes the accumulation of fluid within the tunica vaginalis. which may leak to where
testes
how can you diagnose a hydrocele
transilumiantion
testicular torsion what happens as twisted vas
Cute the blood supply from leaving the testes due to lower pressure and then cuts off arterial supply due to pressure increase.
treatment of cryptorchidism
Orchidopexy at 6- 18 months of age. The operation usually consists of inguinal exploration, mobilisation of the testis and implantation into a dartos pouch.
Intra-abdominal testis should be evaluated laparoscopically and mobilised. Whether this is a single stage or two stage procedure depends upon the exact location.
After the age of 2 years in untreated individuals the Sertoli cells will degrade and those presenting late in teenage years may be better served by orchidectomy than to try and salvage a non functioning testis with an increased risk of malignancy.
what is an inguinal hernia
Abdominal contents can herniate through into the scrotum called inguinal hernia
difference between inguinal hernias
relaiton to epigastric vessel s
direct medial
Through inguinal canal through both rings and therefore going indirectly through the abdominal wall
It is going lateral to the inferior epigastric£c vessels to enter deep 8nguinal ring so is indirect hernia
Direct is medial to the inferior epigastric vessels
vasectomy irreversible or not
irreversible
what is the utricle
The prostatic utricle is a small, epithelium-lined diverticulum of the prostatic urethra
Enlarged prostate – UR, incontinece , poor stream and dribbling
what cancer marker can you use
PSA
protease enzyme produced by normal and malignant prostate epithelial cells.
when might PSA levels be raised
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
prostatitis and urinary tract infection (NICE recommend to postpone the PSA test for at least 1 month after treatment)
ejaculation (ideally not in the previous 48 hours)
vigorous exercise (ideally not in the previous 48 hours)
urinary retention
instrumentation of the urinary tract
prostate metastias commonly go where
what tests can you do
to the spine
Bone scan for prostate metastasis – increaass bone turnover – more black is where the metastasis are
Urethra ruptured in shaft passing into the skin of the penis – looks like a marrow in penniless urethra in bucks fascia
If breakage behind bucks fascia and urine will go down into the scrotum so get ant abdominal wall swelling
pudendal nerve comes out of what whole in the pelvis
greater sciatic foramen
prostate does wha t
alkaline bit to semen
bulbourethral gland in males fucntin
add fluids to semen during the process of ejaculation
Ischiocavernosus function
The main function of the ischiocavernosus muscles is to provide extra rigidity of the erected penis by compressing the penile crus during the rigid phase of erection.
Bulbospongiosus Function
The bulbospongiosus muscle acts to expel remaining urine from the urethra after the bladder has completed its emptying. In males it also aids in the final stages of erection by compressing the veins within the bulb of the penis to maintain tumescence.
3 parts of male uretrha
Prostatic Part: 3 cm Widest & most dilatable Membranous Part: 1.25 cm Least dilatable Spongy Part: 16 cm External meatus narrowest part Then wide navicular fossa