Anatomy of birth

Question 1

Lifetime risk of maternal death

Answer 1

prob that a 15 year old wil die as result of preg, if she experiences the risks of maternal death that are observed by her population

Question 2

Maternal mortality ratio MMR

Answer 2

ratio of number of maternal deaths per 100,000 births during same time period

Question 3

what layer does the placenta attach to

Answer 3

endometrium

Question 4

Placenta accreta occurs when all or part of the placenta attaches abnormally to the

Answer 4

myometrium

Question 5

what are the fatal and maternal portions of the placenta called

Answer 5

The fetal portion of the placenta is known as the villous chorion. The maternal portion is known as the decidua basalis.

Question 6

what is obstructed labour

Answer 6

Labour is considered obstructed when the presenting part of the fetus cannot progress into the birth canal, despite strong uterine contractions

complications include sepsis, haemorrhage and more prone to infection and bleeding

Question 7

what is the best position fro the babies head to be in

Answer 7

occipito-anterior

occipito poster more difficult

feel for the occiput on vaginal examination

Question 8

cephalohaematoma

Answer 8

blood that collects between a newborn’s scalp and skul

Question 9

what condition can result due to shoulder dystocia

Answer 9

erbs palsy - macrosomia as a result of gestational diabetes - Roberts position needed as blood supply to the neck will be compromised

Question 10

what degree of tear in labour involve the anal sphincter

Answer 10

third degree -need to repair to prevent incontinence

Question 11

how can a prolapse occur

Answer 11

tear of the pelvic floor muscles

Question 12

changes in fetal circulation as the baby is born

Answer 12

At birth, the umbilical cord is clamped and the baby no longer receives oxygen and nutrients from the mother. With the first breaths of life, the lungs begin to expand. As the lungs expand, the alveoli in the lungs are cleared of fluid. An increase in the baby’s blood pressure and a significant reduction in the pulmonary pressures reduces the need for the ductus arteriosus to shunt blood. These changes promote the closure of the shunt. These changes increase the pressure in the left atrium of the heart, which decrease the pressure in the right atrium. The shift in pressure stimulates the foramen ovale to close.

The closure of the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale completes the transition of fetal circulation to newborn circulation.

Question 13

what degree of tear in labour involve the anal sphincter

Answer 13

third degree -need to repair to prevent incontinence

Question 14

how can a prolapse occur

Answer 14

tear of the pelvic floor muscles

Question 15

changes in fetal circulation as the baby is born

Answer 15

At birth, the umbilical cord is clamped and the baby no longer receives oxygen and nutrients from the mother. With the first breaths of life, the lungs begin to expand. As the lungs expand, the alveoli in the lungs are cleared of fluid. An increase in the baby’s blood pressure and a significant reduction in the pulmonary pressures reduces the need for the ductus arteriosus to shunt blood. These changes promote the closure of the shunt. These changes increase the pressure in the left atrium of the heart, which decrease the pressure in the right atrium. The shift in pressure stimulates the foramen ovale to close.

The closure of the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale completes the transition of fetal circulation to newborn circulation.