Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Human Physiology - PNUR1143 > Anatomy of the Blood Vessels and Special Circulations > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Blood Vessels and Special Circulations Flashcards

Barbara Herlihy. (2020). The Human Body in Health and Illness (7th Edition) [Texidium version]. Retrieved from http://texidium.com

1
Q

What are the series of connected hollow tubes that begin and end in the heart?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

A

Blood Vessels

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What forms a path through the body, much like highways and road systems enabling travel from place to place?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

A

Blood Vessels

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do the heart and blood vessels form?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

A

Circuit

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What arrangement ensures a continuous one-way movement of blood?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

A

Circuit

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which circulation carries blood from the heart’s right ventricle to the lungs and back to the heart’s left atrium?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

A

Pulmonary

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which circulation transports unoxygenated blood to the lungs, where oxygen is loaded and carbon dioxide is unloaded?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

A

Pulmonary

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In which circulation is oxygenated blood pumped after returning to the heart’s left side?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

A

Systemic

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which circulation is larger?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

A

Systemic

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which circulation provides blood supply to the rest of the body?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

A

Systemic

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which circulation carries oxygen and other nutrients to the cells and picks up carbon dioxide and other waste?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

A

Systemic

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the body’s highways?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

A

Blood Vessels

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three anatomical blood vessel classes?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

A

Arteries

Capillaries

Veins

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

A

Arteries

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Large arteries repeatedly branch into smaller and smaller arteries as they are distributed throughout the entire body.

As they branch, the arteries become much more numerous but smaller in diameter.

The smallest arteries are called ___.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

A

arterioles

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Most of the arteries are coloured ___ because they carry ___ blood.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

A

red

oxygenated

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Blood flows from the arterioles into the ___.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

A

capillaries

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the smallest and most numerous blood vessels?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

A

Capillaries

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What connect the arterioles with the venules?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

A

Capillaries

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are close to cells because the body has so many of them?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

A

Capillaries

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which blood vessel arrangement provides every cell with a continuous supply of oxygen and other nutrients?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

A

Capillaries

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which blood vessels are coloured from red to purple to blue?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

A

Capillaries

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

At the ___ level, the blood gives up its oxygen to the tissues; the unoxygenated blood leaving the tissues is therefore bluish.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

A

capillary

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Blood flows from the capillaries into the ___.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

A

venules

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which blood vessels carry blood back to the heart?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

A

Veins

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the smallest veins?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

A

Venules

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The small venules converge to form fewer but larger ___.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

A

veins

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The largest ___ empty blood into the heart’s right atrium.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

A

veins

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Most ___ are coloured blue because they carry unoxygenated blood.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

A

veins

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

A Circuit or Route: The Circulatory System

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

A

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Except for ___, blood vessels are composed of three tissue layers (or tunics): tunica ___, tunica ___, and tunica ___.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

A

capillaries

intima

media

adventitia

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Which is the innermost tunica, an endothelium?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

A

Intima

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Which tunica’s endothelial lining forms a slick, shiny surface continuous with the endocardium (the heart’s inner lining)?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

A

Intima

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Which tuinca has a surface that blood flows easily and smoothly along?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

A

Intima

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Which is the middle tunica?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

A

Media

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Which tunica is the thickest and is composed primarily of elastic tissue and smooth muscle?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

A

Media

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Tunica media thickness and composition vary according to blood vessel function.

Large ___, for example, contain considerable elastic tissue so that they can stretch in response to blood pumping by the heart.

The smallest of ___, the ___, are composed primarily of smooth muscle.

Smooth muscle allows ___ to contract and relax, thereby changing diameter.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

A

arteries x 2

arterioles x 2

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Which is the outermost tunica?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

A

Adventitia

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Which tunica is composed of tough connective tissue?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

A

Adventitia

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Which tunica supports and protects blood vessels?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

A

Adventitia

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Blood Vessel Wall Layers

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

A

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What blood vessels have walls that are large, thick, tough, and elastic because they must withstand the high blood pressure pumped from the ventricles?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

A

Arteries

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Large arteries are called ___ vessels with a primary function to conduct blood from the heart to the arterioles.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

A

conductance

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What are the smallest arteries?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

A

Arterioles

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What are composed primarily of smooth muscle and spend most time contracting and relaxing?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

A

Arterioles

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

By changing diameter, the ___ affect resistance to blood flow.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

A

arterioles

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

A narrow (constricted) vessel offers an (decreased/increased) resistance to blood flow; a wider (dilated) vessel offers (less/more) resistance.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

A

increased

less

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

47
Q

Arterioles are called ___ vessels because of their effect on ___.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

A

resistance x 2

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

48
Q

Which blood vessels have the thinnest walls?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

A

Capillaries

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

49
Q

Capillary walls are made up of a single ___ layer lying on a delicate ___ ___.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

A

endothelium

basement membrane

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

50
Q

Thin ___ ___ enable water and dissolved substances, including oxygen, to move across from blood into tissue spaces, where they become available for cell use.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

A

capillary walls

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

51
Q

What allows metabolizing cell waste to diffuse from tissue spaces into capillaries for blood transport to excretion organs?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

A

Capillary Wall

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

52
Q

Capillaries are called ___ vessels because they allow for an ___ of nutrients and waste.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

A

exchange x 2

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

53
Q

Which walls are slightly thicker than the capillary walls?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

A

Venules

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

54
Q

As the venules converge to form larger ___, the walls become even thicker.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

A

veins

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

55
Q

A vein’s tunica ___ is much thinner than an artery’s tunica ___.

This difference is appropriate because vein pressure is much less than arterial pressure.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

A

media x 2

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

56
Q

Which blood vessels mostly contain one-way valves?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

A

Veins

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

57
Q

Which blood vessels have valves that direct blood flow toward the heart?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

A

Veins

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

58
Q

What are most numerous in veins of the lower extremitiy, where they prevent backflow, helping to move blood up and away from the ankles toward the heart?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

A

Valves

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

59
Q

While ___ facilitate venous blood movement toward the heart, veins sometimes need some “outside” help.

This is particularly true for veins of the ___ extremities.

Although blood pressure is very high in arterial circulation, it decreases to almost ___ mm Hg in veins.

The pressure in the veins is so low, in fact, that it alone cannot return blood from the veins back to the heart.

The “outside” help is the ___ ___ ___.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

A

valves

lower

0

skeletal muscle pump

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

60
Q

Large veins in the leg are surrounded by ___ ___.

When ___ ___ are relaxed and blood flow slows, valves close.

As ___ ___ contract, they squeeze the large veins, thereby opening valves and forcing blood toward the heart.

This mechanism is called the ___ ___ ___.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

A

skeletal muscles x 3

skeletal muscle pump

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

61
Q

What improves venous blood return and prevents blood stagnation and thrombosis (blood clot formation)?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

A

Exercise

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

62
Q

Which vessels store blood?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

A

Veins

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

63
Q

What is the total blood volume percentage found on the venous circulation side?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

A

70%

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

64
Q

Veins are called ___ vessels because they store blood.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

A

Capacitance

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

65
Q

When stored blood is needed, the veins constrict (___) and move blood to the heart for circulation.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

A

venoconstriction

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

66
Q

Skeletal Muscle Pump

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 345)

A

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 345)

67
Q

Portal blood delivery to the ___ is important because the ___ plays a critical role in glucose, fats, and protein metabolism.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

A

liver x 2

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

68
Q

Where are many nutrients exracted from blood to be modified?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

A

Liver

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

69
Q

What has immediate access to large glucose amounts absorbed into the blood following digestion?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

A

Liver

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

70
Q

What uses glucose to regulate blood sugar?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

A

Liver

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

71
Q

What removes excess glucose and stores it as glycogen or releases glucose into the blood to maintain a normal blood sugar?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

A

Liver

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

72
Q

What prevents nitrogen from entering the general circulation as ammonia?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

A

Liver

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

73
Q

What is excreted by the liver into the blood in the form of urea?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

A

Nitrogen

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

74
Q

What is less toxic than ammonia and is easily eliminated by the kidneys?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

A

Urea

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

75
Q

The three blood vessels associated with hepatic circulation are the hepatic ___, the hepatic ___, and the hepatic ___ ___.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

A

artery

veins

portal system

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

76
Q

The hepatic ___ is a celiac trunk branch, a large ___ that branches off the abdominal aorta.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

A

artery x 2

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

77
Q

What carries oxygen-rich blood to the liver?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

A

Hepatic Artery

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

78
Q

What drains blood from the liver and delivers it to the inferior vena cava?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

A

Hepatic Veins

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

79
Q

The hepatic portal system is a unique vein arrangement that delivers ___% of blood flow to the liver.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

A

80

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

80
Q

What arrangement delivers venous blood to the liver?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

A

Hepatic Portal System

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

81
Q

Which system refers to a blood vessel arrangement in which the blood from one organ(s) is immediately delivered to a second organ(s) before being returned to the heart and lungs for oxygenation?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

A

Portal

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

82
Q

Which system delivers blood, rich in digestive end products, from all the different digestive organs to the liver?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

A

Hepatic Portal

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

83
Q

Which large vein carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

A

Hepatic Portal

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

84
Q

What is formed by the union of two large veins: the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

A

Portal Vein

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

85
Q

Which vein receives blood from the small intestine (where most digestion and absorption occur) and the first part of the large intestine?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

A

Superior Mesenteric

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

86
Q

Which vein receives blood from the stomach, spleen, and pancreas?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

A

Splenic

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

87
Q

Which vein receives blood from the inferior mesenteric vein, which drains the distal per of the large intestine?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

A

Splenic

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

88
Q

Which vein delivers blood rich in digestive end products directly to the liver?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

A

Portal

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

89
Q

What carries oxygen-rich blood to the liver?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 353)

A

Hepatic Artery

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 353)

90
Q

What carries blood rich in digestion products but poor in oxygen content to the liver?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 353)

A

Portal Vein

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 353)

91
Q

Once in the liver, blood from both the hepatic artery and portal vein perfuses the capillaries called hepatic ___.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 353)

A

sinusoids

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 353)

92
Q

Which structures have large pores that permit the mixing of arterial and venous blood and facilitate the delivery of digestive end-products to the liver cells?

(Herlihy, 2020, pp. 353, 354)

A

Sinusoids

(Herlihy, 2020, pp. 353, 354)

93
Q

Which structures are lined with phagocytic Kupffer cells?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 354)

A

Sinusoids

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 354)

94
Q

Which cells remove bacteria from portal blood before it enters general circulation?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 354)

A

Kupffer

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 354)

95
Q

Hepatic Portal Circulation

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 353)

A

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 353)

96
Q

Ventricles pump blood into the arteries about ___ times/min.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 354)

A

72

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 354)

97
Q

What is the alternating expansion and recoil pressure wave (similar to vibration) that travels through all the arteries?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 354)

A

Pulse

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 354)

98
Q

What is often described as a “heartbeat that can be felt at the wrist” because it is caused by the rhythmic contraction of the heart’s ventricles?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 355)

A

Pulse

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 355)

99
Q

Which artery is most often used to feel a pulse although it can be felt in any artery lying close to the body’s surface?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 355)

A

Radial

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 355)

100
Q

What can be determined by feeling a pulse?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 355)

A

Heart Rate (HR)

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 355)

101
Q

A normal heart rate is about ___ beats/min.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 355)

A

72

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 355)

102
Q

What can determine if the heart is beating regularly (rhythmically) or irregularly?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 355)

A

Pulse

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 355)

103
Q

At times, the heart contracts so weakly that the heartbeat cannot be felt over the ___ artery; this happens in a person who has lost a lot of blood and is in shock.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

A

radial

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

104
Q

EDIT

What may be described as being “rapid and thready” or “full or bounding,” as happens in a person with excess blood volume?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

A

Pulse

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

105
Q

What may be absent if an artery is blocked or occluded?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

A

Pulse

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

106
Q

Which pulse may be undetectable in a person with poor arterial foot circulation, as occurs with many diabetic persons?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

A

Dorsalis Pedis

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

107
Q

A pulse ___ is the difference between a heart rate (HR) as determined by auscultation at the apex of the heart and the heart rate (HR) as determined by radial artery palpation.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

A

deficit

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

108
Q

In certain clinical conditions, such as atrial fibrillation, the heart beats, but it does so ineffectively.

Consequently, the vibration set up in the arterial wall is too weak to be felt at the wrist (___ pulse).

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

A

radial

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

109
Q

The underlying cause of a pulse deficit is easily detected with an ___ (___).

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

A

electrocardiogram (ECG)

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

110
Q

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

A

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

111
Q

DELETE CARD

A

DELETE CARD

113
Q

DELETE CARD

A

DELETE CARD

Human Physiology - PNUR1143 (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions