Anatomy of speech and swallowing

Question 1

What muscles of mastications are there?

Answer 1

Lateral and medial pterygoid
Temporalis
Masseter

Question 2

What nerve innervates all the muscles of mastication?

Answer 2

Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

CN V3

Question 3

What muscle tightens the labial seal?

Answer 3

Orbicularis oris

Question 4

What muscles tightens the buccal cavity?

Answer 4

Buccinator

Question 5

What nerve innervates both the orbiculares oris and the buccinator?

Answer 5

Facial muscle

CN VII

Question 6

What cranial nerve is the facial nerve?

Answer 6

CN VII

Question 7

What cranial nerve innervates the soft palate?

Answer 7

Vagus nerve

CN X

Question 8

What muscle within the tongue isn’t supplied by CNXII

Answer 8

Palatoglossal

Question 9

What are the four muscles of the tongue?

Answer 9

Genioglossus
Styloglossus
Hyoglossus
Palatoglossus

Question 10

What bones make up the hard palate?

Answer 10

Palatine process of the Maxilla

Horizontal plate of the Palatine

Question 11

What lines the hard palate and why?

Answer 11

Keratinised squamous epithelium

Keratin is more resistant

Question 12

What ridges are found on the hard palate and what is there function?

Answer 12

Palatal rugae

These ridges increase the friction on the food bolus

Question 13

What nerve innervates the hard palate?

Answer 13

CN V2

Maxillary branch of the facial nerve

Question 14

What is the name of cranial nerve XII

Answer 14

Hypoglossal nerve

Question 15

What phases make up deglutition (swallowing)?

Answer 15

Oral - voluntarily
Pharyngeal - involuntarily
Oesophageal - involuntarily

Question 16

Why is it key that the pharyngeal phase lasts less than 1 second?

Answer 16

As need to maintain the airway to breath.

Question 17

What two muscles of the tongue create the posterior pressure.

Answer 17

Stylohyoid

Hypoglossus

Question 18

What muscles cause hyolaryngeal elevation?

Answer 18

Suprahyoid and longitudinal pharyngeal muscles

Question 19

Why is hyolaryngeal elevation so important in swallowing?

Answer 19

Forces epiglottis inferior to the tongue and covers the laryngeal aditus - protecting airway.

Question 20

What is the upper sphincter?

Answer 20

Cricopharyngeus

Question 21

What is the cricopharyngeus?

Answer 21

Complete circular ring around the cricoid cartilage which serves to control entry to the oesophagus.

Question 22

What nerve innervates the cricopharyngeus?

Answer 22

External laryngeal - branch of the vagus

CN X

Question 23

What nerve is responsible for the sensory innervation of the pharynx?

Answer 23

Glossopharyngeal

CN IX

Question 24

What does the glossopharyngeal nerve supply sensory innervation too?

Answer 24

Posterior 1/3 of the tongue
Palatine tonsils
Wall of the oropharynx

Question 25

What nerve supplies motor innervation to the walls of the pharynx leading to constriction?

Answer 25

Vagus CN X

Question 26

Contraction of what muscle causes separation of the vocal folds?

Answer 26

Posterior cricoarytenoid

Question 27

Contraction of the cricoarytenoid muscle causes what type of movement and what joint?

Answer 27

Lateral rotation at the cricoarytenoid joint.

Question 28

Contraction of what muscles causes a narrowing but not complete closing of the vocal folds?

Answer 28

Oblique arytenoid

Question 29

Contraction of what muscle causes the complete closing of the vocal folds?

Answer 29

Lateral cricoarytenoid

Question 30

Contraction of this muscle tenses the vocal ligaments

Answer 30

Cricothyroid

Question 31

Increasing the tension in the vocal ligaments leads to what?

Answer 31

Increased pitch

Question 32

What muscle causes relaxation of the vocal ligaments?

Answer 32

Thyroarytenoid muscle

Question 33

Decreasing the tension in the vocal ligaments leads to what?

Answer 33

Decreasing the pitch

Question 34

Why do men generally have a lower pitched voice?

Answer 34

During puberty they are exposed to higher levels of growth hormone and testosterone, as a result the ligaments are thicker. Like. guitar string the thicker the string the lower the sound produced.

Question 35

What nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscles?

Answer 35

External laryngeal nerve

Question 36

What nerve innervates the thyroarytenoid muscle?

Answer 36

Internal laryngeal nerve

Question 37

Which is the only muscle involved in phonation which isn't innervated by the inferior laryngeal nerve?

Answer 37

Cricothyroid

Question 38

What nerve innervates the mucosa of the suppraglottis? | above the vocal folds

Answer 38

Internal laryngeal nerve

Question 39

What nerve innervates the mucosa of the sub glottis?

Answer 39

Inferior laryngeal nerve

Question 40

At what level does the Vagus nerve give off the superior laryngeal nerve?

Answer 40

Level of the hyoid C3

Question 41

What branches does the superior laryngeal nerve give off?

Answer 41

Internal and External laryngeal nerve

Question 42

What is dysphonia?

Answer 42

Impaired ability to produce appropriate level of phonation.

Question 43

How are oral sound produced?

Answer 43

Air directed into the oral cavity. | Soft palate tenses an descends CN X

Question 44

What sounds are considered Nasal ?

Answer 44

M N Ing