Anatomy of Lower Leg, Ankle & Foot Flashcards
What functions does the ankle joint perform?
- Weight bearing
- Walking
What type of joint is the ankle joint?
Hinge Synovial joint
Which bones form the articulating surface of the ankle joint?
Distal Tibia & Fibula
Upper part of Talus
What are the 2 bony landmarks associated with the ankle joint that are located on the outer surfaces of the Tibia and Fibula?
Medial & Lateral Malleolus
During which movement is the ankle joint the strongest?
Dorsiflexion
During which movement is the ankle joint the most unstable?
Plantar flexion
What structures support the stability of the ankle joint?
Fibrous capsule
Medial ligament (deltoid shape)
Lateral ligament (3 of them)
Which anle ligament is the strongest?
Medial ligament
During which movement of the ankle does the medial ligament stabilise the ankle joint?
Eversion
Which ligament is most commonly involved in ankle injuries?
Lateral ligament
During which movement of the ankle does the lateral ligament help to stabilise the ankle joint?
Inversion
Which muscles are involved in the dorsiflexion of the ankle joint?
Tibialis Anterior (4)
Extensor digitorum longus (5)
Extensor hallucis longus (12)
Which muscle are involved in plantar flexion at the ankle joint?
Gastrocnemius (16)
Soleus (17)
Tibialis posterior (6-1)
Flexor Hallucis longus (6-3)
Flexor digitorum longus (6-2)
Are ankle sprains a form of inversion or eversion injury?
Inversion
What is a Pott fracture?
Dislocation of ankle
What is a footballers ankle?
Repeated strain on the anterior capsule
What is the cause of Tarsal tunnel syndrome?
Tibial nerve compression
What is the function of the foot?
Support the body whilst standing
Progression
What are the 3 categories of bones within the foot?
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
At which joints in the foot do movements of inversion and eversion occur?
Subtalar joint
Transverse Tarsal joint
Which muscles are invertors of the foot?
Tibialis anterior & posterior
Which muscles are evertors of the foot?
Fibularis longus & brevis
What are the functions of the arches of the foot?
- Shock absorbers
- Distribute weight over the foot
- Act as springboards during walking, running, jumping
What are the two aspects of the longitudinal foot arch?
Medial
Lateral
Which of the longitudinal arches is higher and more important for stability?
Medial arch
How is the integrity of the foot arches maintained?
1 - Plantar aponeurosis
2 - Long and short plantar ligaments
3 - Spring ligament
In which patient groups are flat feet common?
Children (< 3 y.o.)
Elderly
Dysfunction of which muscle results in flat feet?
Tibialis posterior
What is the cause of a high arched foot?
Congenital
