Anatomy of a Cell Flashcards
structures that function in cell reproduction
Centrioles
hairlike extensions on the surface of cells that are capable of movement
Cilia
membrane network of “road” and “channels” that wind through cytoplasm
Endoplasmic Reticulum
a sperm cell’s tail
Flagella
the cell’s “digestive system”
Lysosomes
“power plants” that burn food in the presence of oxygen to make cell energy
Mitochondria
“protein factories” that make proteins
Ribosomes
the spheroid body within a cell that dictates protein production - controls transport, metabolism, growth, and heredity
contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli
Nucleus
(pl. Nuclei)
a rounded body that synthesizes cell protein
Nucleolus
specialized structures within cytoplasm that perform vital cell functions
Organelles
Suffix
formative, formed material
-PLASM
the outside boundary of the cell
Plasma Membrane
Root Word
a cell
CYT/O-
a substance between the plasma membrane and nucleus of all cells
Cytoplasm
transmits genetic information and determines every detail of an organisms appearance, structure, and function
DNA
Chemical needed for production of protein within cells
RNA - ribonucleic acid
regions of DNA organized into the body’s “blueprint”
Genes
short, tightly coiled rods that contain genes
Chromosomes
Root Word
the nucleus
KARY/O-
the substance of the nucleus
Karyoplasm
a map-like picture of chromosomes within the nucleus
Karyotype
the building of metabolic phase - grows, maintains, and repairs body structures
Anabolism
the breaking-down metabolic phase - producing energy from food and oxygen
Catabolism
the chemical processes by which cells obtain and use energy
Metabolism
a saltwater solution that bathes every cell in the body
Tissue Fluid
movement of substances
Diffusion
diffusion of water across cell membranes
Osmosis
