Anatomy- Muscles Of Upper Limb

Question 1

State the action and nerve supply of the following:
A) Pectoralis major
B) Pectoralis minor

Answer 1

1. P. Major - adduction and medial rotation of shoulder
2. P. Minor - draws shoulder forward, depresses the shoulder and helps in forces inspiration.

Nerve supply: lateral and medial pectoral nerves.

Question 2

State the action and nerve supply of the following:
A) Subclavius
B) Serratus anterior muscle.

Answer 2

1. Subclavius - steadies clavicle during movement of shoulder
2. S. Anterior - protects the shoulder into the chest wall in pushing and punching movements, helps in forces inspiration.

Nerve supple: Subclavius nerve and long thoracic nerve, respectively.

Question 3

Give the contents of the axilla/ armpit

Answer 3

Axillary artery and vein and their branches
Infra-claviclar part of the brachial plexus
Long thoracic nerve
Intercostobrachial nerve

Question 4

Which structures does the following branches of the Axillary artery supplies?
A) superior thoracic artery
B) thoracoacromial trunk
C) lateral thoracic artery
D) subscapular artery
E) anterior and posterior circumflex humeral artery.

Answer 4

A) Pectoral muscles
B) gives branches to deltoid, acromial, clavicular and pectoral
C) pectoral and breast muscles
D) Latissmis dorsi and serratus anterior
E) shoulder joint (A&P), deltoid and triceps

Question 5

Regarding the brachial plexus, give the roots in which the following nerves are derived from:
A) musculocutaneous
B) auxiliary
C) radial
D) median
E) ulnar

Answer 5

A) C5,6,7
B) C5&6
C) C5, 6,7, 8, T1
D) C5,6, 7, 8, T1
E) C7, 8, T1

Question 6

List the terminal branches lateral cord of the brachial plexus.

Answer 6

Lateral pectoral (C5, 6)
Median (C5, 6,7,8 T1)
Musculocutaneous (C5,6,7)

Question 7

Give the terminal branches Posterior cord of the brachial plexus.

Answer 7

Upper subscapular nerve
Lower subscapular nerve (C5,6)
Thoracodorsal nerve (C6,7,8)
Radial (C5, 6,7,8 T1)
Auxillary (C5,6)

Question 8

The medial cord of the brachial plexus gives what branches?

Answer 8

Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
Median nerve (C5, 6,7,8,T1)
Medial cutaneous nerve of arm and forearm (C8, T1)
Ulnar nerve (C7,8, T1)

Question 9

Erb paralysis is indicative of a birth injury to what?

Answer 9

Upper part of brachial plexus.

Question 10

What nerves are affects in the conditions, wrist drop and claw hand?

Answer 10

Wrist drop - radial
Claw hand - ulnar nerve

Question 11

The Supraspinatus is involved in which action and give its nerve supply.

Answer 11

Initiates (0-15) and assists the deltoid in abduction of arm. Acts with other rotator cuff muscles.
Nerve: Suprascapular nerve (c4,5,6)

Question 12

State the actions of the trapezius muscles and what is its nerve supply?

Answer 12

Elevates (S), retracts (M) and depresses (I) scapula. Superior movement of scapula.

Nerve supply: accessory nerve and C3 and C4

Question 13

What is the development of the trapezius?

Answer 13

6th brachial arch

Question 14

What is the clinical correlation of the Latissmis dorsi?

Answer 14

It is used in breast reconstruction after mastectomy.

Question 15

The Latissimus dorsi is responsible for what action and what is its nerve supply?

Answer 15

Extends, adducts and medially rotates the humerus. Raises body to arms when climbing.

Nerve: thoracodorsal nerve (C6,7,8)

Question 16

Give the action and nerve supply of the levator scapulae.

Answer 16

Elevates and tilts its glenoid cavity.
Nerve: dorsal scapula (C5) and cervical nerves (C3,4)

Question 17

Give the action and nerve supply of the Rhomboideus major and minor.

Answer 17

Retracts scapula and rotate it to depress Glenoid cavity.
Nerve: Dorsal scapula nerve (C4,5)

Question 18

List the 5 superficial muscles of the front of forearm/ flexor compartment

Answer 18

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor digititum superficialis

Question 19

The Infraspinatus is involved in which action and give its nerve supply.

Answer 19

Laterally rotates the arm and help hold humeral head in glenoid cavity.
Nerve: Suprascapular nerve (C5,6)

Question 20

What’s the function of the Teres Minor and what is its nerve supply?

Answer 20

Laterally rotates arm and help hold humeral head in Glenoid cavity
Nerve: Auxillary nerve

Question 21

The Teres Major is involved in which action and give its nerve supply.

Answer 21

Adducts and medially rotates the arm

Nerve: Lower subscapular nerve (C6,7)

Question 22

The Subscapularis is involved in which action and give its nerve supply.

Answer 22

Adducts and medially rotates the arm.
Never: Upper and lower subscapular nerve (C5,6,7)

Question 23

Give the actions of the deltoid muscle and state its nerve supply.

Answer 23

Deltoid:
- Anterior - flexes and medially rotates arm
- Middle - Powerful abductor of arm
- Posteror - Extends and laterally rotates arm

Nerve: Auxillary nerve

Question 24

Give the contents of the following intermuscular spaces:
A) Quadrangular space
B) Upper triangular space
C) Lower triangular space

Answer 24

A) Auxillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery
B) Circumflex scapular artery - Suprascapular
C) Radial Nerve and profunda brachii vessels

Question 25

The contents of the flexor/ anterior compartment of the arm is innervated by what nerve?

Answer 25

Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 26

Give the function of the contents of the anterior compartment of the arm.

Answer 26

Coracobrachialis - flexes and adducts the arm Brachialis - flexor of the forearm at elbow joint Biceps brachii - supinator of arm, flexor of elbow and prevents upward displacement of humeral head.

Question 27

Give the branches of the brachial artery.

Answer 27

The main artery of the hand branches include: Muscular Profunda brachii Nutrient Superior ulnar collateral Inferior ulnar collateral 2 terminal branch - medial ulnar and lateral radial artery

Question 28

Triceps brachii is unique for which action and what is its nerve supply?

Answer 28

Extensor for the forearm and helps steadies head of abducted humerus. Nerve : Radial (C6,7,8)

Question 29

List the contents found in the cubital fossa.

Answer 29

Median nerve Radial nerve Ulnar artery Radial artery Biceps brachii Note: Ulnar nerve not included in cubital fossa.

Question 30

Give the deep muscles of the front of the forearm/ flexor compartment.

Answer 30

Pronator quadratus Flexor pollicis longus Flexor digitorum profundus

Question 31

The muscles of the anterior/ flexor compartment of the forearm are supplied by what nerves

Answer 31

Ulnar and median nerves

Question 32

Give the function for the following muscles: A) anterior/ flexor compartment of forearm B) posterior/ extensor compartment of forearm

Answer 32

A) flexion at wrist and fingers B) extend wrist and fingers

Question 33

List muscles of the posterior/ extensor compartment of the forearm.

Answer 33

Anconeus Brachioradialis Supinator Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor radialis brevis Extensor pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis longus Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor indicis

Question 34

Give the innervation supply of the muscles of posterior/ extensor compartment of the forearm.

Answer 34

Radial nerve/ posterior interosseous branch

Question 35

What are the actions of the Pronator teres, and by which nerve is it innervated?

Answer 35

Pronates and flexes the forearm (at elbow) Nerve: Median Nerve

Question 36

Which nerve supplies the Flexor carpi radialis, and what movements does this muscle produce at the wrist?

Answer 36

Median Nerve (C6,7) Flexes and abducts the arm at the wrist

Question 37

What are the actions of the Palmaris longus at the wrist and on the palmar aponeurosis, and what is its nerve supply?

Answer 37

Flexes hand at wrist and tightens the palmar aponeurosis Median Nerve

Question 38

The Flexor digitorum superficialis flexes which joints of the medial four digits, and by which nerve is it innervate?

Answer 38

Flexes the proximal phalanges at the interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints Nerve: Median

Question 39

What are the actions of the Flexor carpi ulnaris at the wrist, and which nerve provides its innervation?

Answer 39

Flexes and adducts hand at the wrist Ulnar nerve

Question 40

The medial and lateral part of the Flexor digitorum profundus is innervated by which nerve, and what is its action on the distal phalanges?

Answer 40

Nerve - Ulnar and anterior interosseous branch of median nerve Action - flexes the distal phalanges at the distal interphalangeal joints

Question 41

What is the action of the Flexor pollicis longus, and what is its nerve supply

Answer 41

Action - flexes the first digit (thumb) Nerve: anterior interosseous branch of median nerve

Question 42

By which nerve is the Pronator quadratus innervated, and what is its primary action on the forearm?

Answer 42

Nerve: Anterior interosseous branch of median Action: Pronates the forearm

Question 43

What is the action of the Anconeus at the elbow, and which nerve innervates it?

Answer 43

Action - weak extensor of elbow, extends elbow joint, abducts ulnar during pronation Nerve: radial nerve

Question 44

Which nerve supplies the Brachioradialis, and what is its action on the forearm, especially in a mid-prone position?

Answer 44

Nerve: Radial nerve Action: flexes the forearm and rotates the forearm in the mid- prone to pronation supination position

Question 45

What are the actions of the Extensor carpi radialis longus at the wrist, and what is its nerve supply?

Answer 45

Extends and Abducts the hand at the wrist joint Nerve: Radial nerve

Question 46

Which nerve innervates the Extensor carpi radialis brevis, and what movements does it produce at the wrist joint?

Answer 46

Posterior Interosseous nerve Movement: Extension and Abducts the hand at the wrist joint

Question 47

What are the actions of the Extensor digitorum on the fingers and wrist, and by which nerve is it innervated?

Answer 47

Extends the interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal and wrist joints Nerve: Posterior interosseous branch

Question 48

What is the action of the Extensor digiti minimi on the fifth digit, and what is its nerve supply?

Answer 48

Extends the 5th digit to the carpometacarpel joint. Nerve: Posterior interosseous branch

Question 49

What are the actions of the Extensor carpi ulnaris at the wrist, and which nerve provides its innervation?

Answer 49

Extends and adduction of the hand at the wrist joint Nerve: posterior interosseous branch

Question 50

By which nerve is the Supinator innervated, and what is its action on the forearm?

Answer 50

Nerve: posterior interosseous branch Action: Supination of forearm

Question 51

What are the actions of the Abductor pollicis longus on the thumb, and what is its nerve supply?

Answer 51

Abducts the thumb and extends it to the carpometacarpal joint Nerve: Posterior interosseous branch

Question 52

Which nerve supplies the Extensor pollicis brevis, and what is its action on the thumb?

Answer 52

Nerve: posterior interosseous branch Extends the proximal phalanx of the thumb to the carpometacarpal joint

Question 53

What are the actions of the Extensor pollicis longus on the thumb, and what is its nerve supply?

Answer 53

Extends the distal phalanx of the thumb to the carpometacarpal and interphalangeal joints. Nerve: Posterior interosseous branch

Question 54

What is the action of the Extensor indicis on the index finger, and by which nerve is it innervated?

Answer 54

Extends the index finger and helps in extension of wrist Nerve: Posterior interosseous branch

Question 55

Give the origin and insertion for the muscles of the scapular region

Answer 55

Supraspinatus — Supraspinatus fossa — greater tubercle of humerus Infraspinatus — Infraspinatus fossa — greater tubercle of humerus Teres minor — lateral boarder of scapula — greater tubercle Teres major — inferior surface of scapula — intertubercle groove Subscapularis — subscapular fossa — Lesser tubercle of humerus