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MDSC 2404 > Anatomy- Bones & Muscles Of The Head > Flashcards

Anatomy- Bones & Muscles Of The Head Flashcards

1
Q

List the bones seen in the normal frontalis.

A

Frontal bone
Nasal bones- form bridge of nose
Two maxillae - form the upper jaw
Mandible - form the lower jaw
Prominences of zygomatic bones forms the cheek.

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2
Q

Give the orbital openings of the normal frontalis.

A

Supra-orbital margin - presents supraorbital foreman
Infraorbital margin - presents infraorbital margin which for infraorbital nerve and vessels.
Medial margin
Lateral margin

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3
Q

What is the most commonly fractured bone of the face?

A

Nasal bone.

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4
Q

Give the composition of the bony external nose and external nasal aperture.

A

Nasal none and maxillae
Frontonasal and internasal sutures.

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5
Q

List the structures that are found in the frontal region of the normal frontalis.

A

Supercillary arches (better marked in males than females)
Nasion
Glabella
Frontal eminence

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6
Q

List the structures found in the anterior surface of the Maxilla.

A

Anterior nasal spine
Nasal notch
Infra-orbital foreman
Canine fossa
Incisive fossa

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7
Q

The levator anguli oris arises from which structure in the anterior surface of the maxillae?

A

Canine fossa.

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8
Q

List the processes of maxillae seen in the normal frontalis.

A

Frontal process of maxillae
Alveolar process of maxillae
Zygomatic process of maxillae

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9
Q

List the two common sights of fractures on the mandible.

A

1) Canine socket
2) Angle of mandible- neck of condylar process

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10
Q

List the 6 fontenelle at birth and give their locations.

A

Anterior (1), posterior (1), sphenoidal and mastoid (2)

Locations:
1. Anterior - located between Sagittal and coronal suture
2. Posterior - coronal and lamboid suture
3. Sphenoidal and mastoid - sphenoidal and mastoid angels.

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11
Q

Give the clinical conditions/ indications of the anterior fontenelle.

A
  1. Shrunken fontenelle indicates dehydration
  2. Bulging anterior fontenelle indicates raised intracranial pressure.
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12
Q

In which fontenelle of the feotal skull can CSF be taken or IV injections be given through?

A

Anterior fontenelle.

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13
Q

Name the suture responsible for fusing the frontal bone together if continues after birth into adulthood.

A

Metopic suture.

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14
Q

List the functions of the fontanelles.

A
  1. Allows bones of the skull to overlap during parturition
  2. Permits postnatal growth of the skull
  3. Allows postnatal development of the brain
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15
Q

State the components of the outer surface of the mandible.

A

Symphysis menti and mental protuberance.

Mental protuberance includes:
1. Oblique line - buccinators, depressor labi inferioris, depressor anguli oris
2. Mental Foramen
3. Incisive fossa - mentalis and orbicularis oris

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16
Q

Discuss the components of the inner surface of the mandible.

A

Mylohyoid line
Mylohyoid groove
Lingual nerve
Superior constrictor muscle of the pharynx
Pterygomandibular raphe
Sublingual fossa
Superior and inferior genial tubercles

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17
Q

List the ligaments of the mandible

A

ST. SPC

Stylomandibular ligament
Temporomandibular ligament
Sphenomadibular
Pterygomadibular
Capsular

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18
Q

State the nerves related to the mandible.

A

Lingual
Mylohypoid nerve
Ariculotemporal nerve
Nerve to masseter
Inferior alveolar nerve
Mental nerve

LMA NIM

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19
Q

Give the significance of the mandibular Foreman.

A

It gives rises to the inferior alveolar nerve.

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20
Q

Where does the mandible develop from?

A

Intramembranous and endochondral ossification

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21
Q

List the bones the maxilla articulates with.

A

Ethmoid
Frontal
Nasal
Lacrimal
Inferior nasal conchae
Palatine
Vomer
Zygomatic

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22
Q

List the processes of the maxilla.

A

Frontal
Palatine
Alveolar
Zygomatic

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23
Q

What’s the significance of the external occipital protuberance.

A

It gives rise to the trapezius and attaches the ligamentum nuchae.

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24
Q

State the clinical significance of the pterion.

A

It is the structure where is hole is lodge for cerebral decompression.

25
What is the common site of fracture of the skull.
Parietal tuber (eminence)
26
What sutures are found in the following: A) anterior fontenelle B) posterior fontenelle
A) coronal and sagittal B) sagittal and lambdoid
27
Give the development of the facial muscles.
2nd branchial arch mesoderm
28
Give the nerve supply of the facial muscles.
Facial Nerve
29
Which muscle is not supplied by the facial nerve? What is its nerve supply?
Levator palpebrae superioris Supplied by oculomotor nerve.
30
Give the branches of the facial nerve
Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Mandibular Cervical
31
Give origin, insertion and action of the corrugator supercili.
Origin - supercillary arch Insertion - to the skin of eyebrow Action - drags the eyes brows downward and medially (frowning wrinkles)
32
State the action of the following muscles: A) frontalis B) levator palpebrae superioris C) orbicularis occuli
A) elevates the eyebrow up upwards and produce transverse wrinkles ( horror, fright) B) elevates the upper eyelid C) Closes the eyelid tightly and gently (orbital and palpebral part) and dilates the lacrimal sac (lacrimal part)
34
Give the actions for the following muscles around the mouth: Orbicularis oris Buccinator Levator labi superioris alaeque nasi Levator labi superioris Levator anguli oris
1. Orbicularis oris - protruding of the lips 2. Buccinator - lays cheek against the teeth and gums to avoid accumulation of food. 3. Levator labi superioris alaeque nasi - elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostrils 4. LLS - elevates the upper lip 5. LAO - raise the angle of the mouth
35
Give the actions for the following muscles around the mouth: Zygomaticus minor Zygomaticus major Depressor labi inferioris Depressor anguli oris Risorius Mentalis
1. Z. Minor - elevates the upper lip 2. Z. Major - draws the angle of the mouth upwards and laterally 3. DLI - draws the lower lips downwards and laterally 4. DAO - draws the angle of the lip downward and laterally 5. Risorius - retracts the angle of the mouth 6. Mentalis - puckers the chin and protrude lower lip
36
State the function for the following muscles: 1. Platysma 2. Auricularis anterior 3. Auricularis superior 4. Auricularis posterior
1. Plat - depresses mandible, draws the angle of the lips downwards (horror, surprise) 2. AA - draws the pinna upwards and forward 2. AS - draws the pinna upwards and backward 3. AP - draws the pinna back
37
Discuss crows feet.
- Contraction of the orbicularis oculi. - Produces radiating skin folds from lateral angle of eye - Draws the skin of the forehead, temple and cheek towards the lateral angle of eye
38
Discuss Ectropion.
- Paralysis of orbicularis oculi. - Results in the drooping of lower eye lids - causes tears to flow to cheek
39
What is the result from the paralysis of one half of the orbicularis oris?
Slurred speech and the mouth is unable to close, causing saliva to run down the angle of the mouth.
40
State the cause of Bell’s palsy.
Infranuclear lesion of the facial nerve. Note: one side of the face is paralyzed.
41
List the muscles that are paralyzed in Bell’s palsy.
1. Occipiofrontalis 2. Orbicularis oculi 3. Orbicularis oris 4. Buccinator 5. Levator labi superioris alaequi nasi 4. Zygomaticus major
42
List the muscles which move the eyeball.
Superior, inferior, medial and lateral rectus Superior and inferior oblique Levator palpebrae superioris - move the upper eyelid Causing tears
43
List the involuntary muscles of the eyeball and give their functions
Superior tarsal muscle - elevates upper eyelid Inferior tarsal muscle - depresses lower eyelid
44
State the nerve supply of the extra ocular muscles.
Superior oblique - trochlear nerve Lateral rectus - abducent nerve Remaining - oculomotor nerve
45
Give the actions for the extra ocular muscles.
1. Levator palpebrae superioris - elevation of upper eyelid 2. Superior rectus - medial and elevation 3. Inferior rectus - medial and depression 4. Lateral rectus - lateral rotation 5. Medial rectus - medial rotation 6. Superior oblique - depression and lateral 7. Inferior oblique -elevation and lateral
46
Impaired function of extra-ocular muscles leads to what condition?
Diplopia
47
Paralysis of lateral and medial rectus leads to what condition?
Lateral - medial squint Medial - lateral squint
48
Give the arterial and venous supply of the orbit.
Arterial - ophthalmic artery (ICA) Venous - ophthalmic vein (superior and inferior)
49
Give the branches of the ophthalmic artery.
Artery to retina Posterior and anterior ciliary artery Muscular artery Lacrimal artery Posterior and anterior ethmoid artery Supraorbital Supratrochlear artery Dorsal nasal artery Medial palpebral branch
50
Occlusion of which artery can cause complete blindness?
Central artery to retina. Note: supplies optic nerve and retina.
51
Never supply of orbit?
Ophthalmic nerve
52
List the muscles of mastication and give its actions.
1. Masseter - elevate mandible (closet mouth and bite) 2. Temporalis - elevate mandible 3. Medial pterygoid - elevate and help protrude mandible 4. Lateral pterygoid - depress mandible. Note: medial and lateral pterygoid function together to provide side to side movement.
53
List the intrinsic muscles of the tongue and give its function.
Superior and inferior longitudinal Transverse Vertical By contraction, change the shape of the tongue.
54
List the extrinsic muscles of the tongue and state its overall function.
Hyloglossus Styloglossus Genioglossus Palatoglossus By contraction, they change the position of the tongue
55
List the actions of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue. Genioglossus Hyloglossus Palatoglosssus Styloglossus
- Genioglossus - retract top, depress and protrude tongue - Hyloglossus - depress tongue and help retract protrude tongue - Palatoglossus - pulls the root of the tongue and closes Oropharyngeal isthmus - Styloglossus - pulls the tongue upward and backward during swallowing
56
Give the blood supply of tongue.
Arterial - lingual (ECA) Venous - deep lingual vein - facial or IJV
57
Give the nerve supple of the muscles of the tongue.
Extrinsic and intrinsic - XII nerve Palatoglossus - pharyngeal plexus
58
Give the development of the muscles of the tongue.
Occipital myotomes
59
Give the never supply of the muscles of the soft palate.
Pharyngeal plexus NOTE: Except - Tensor palati - mandibular nerve
60
State the actions of the muscles of the nasal cavity: Procerus Depressor septi Compressor naris Dilator naris
1. Procerus - creates wrinkles around the root of the nostrils and frowning 2. Depressor septi - dilates the anterior nasal aperture by the dilator naris 3. Compressor naris - compresses nasal aperture 4. Dilator naris - dilates the anterior nasal aperture and anger

MDSC 2404 (8 decks)

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