Anatomy - Muscles/ Bones (Trunk) Flashcards
You are given an lumbar vertebrae. Give some characteristics to distinguish that it is a lumbar vertebrae.
Vertebral body is large
Vertebral foreman is triangular shape
Spine/spinous process is vertical quadrilateral plate directed backwards.
Pedicle is short and strong
Transverse process - thin and tapering directed laterally and backwards
List some attachments from the lumbar vertebrae.
Anterior and posterior longitudinal ligament
Psoas major and fascia
Crus of diaphragm
— right attaches to upper 3 vertebrae
— left attaches to upper 2 vertebrae
Quadratus lumborum
Give some distinguishing features of the 5th lumbar vertebrae.
Vertebral body is larger than other lumbar V.
Transverse process is thick, short and pyramidal shaped
Spine is small, short and round bottom
You are given the Sacrum structure. Describe the structure.
- Triangle shape structure
- Had a large upper surface to hold the weight of the body.
- Apex of sacrum does not transmit weight
- It attaches to the L5 vertebrae to form the lumbosacral joint.
Give the relations of the ala and pelvic surfaces of the sacrum.
Ala - sympathetic chain, lumbosacral trunk, iliolumbral artery and obturator nerve
Pelvic surface - medial sacral crest, sympathetic trunk, pelvic mesoderm
At which part of the sacrum does the sacral vertebrae attaches?
Anterior (pelvic) sacral formina
Give the structures that pass through the following:
A) pelvic sacral foramina
B) dorsal sacral foramina
C) sacral hiatus
A) venti rami of the upper 4 sacral nerves and lateral sacral arteries
B) dorsal rami of the upper 4 sacral nerves
C) 5th sacral nerves and coccygeal nerves
Regarding gender, Give the difference of the pelvis in each.
A) Pelvic inlet —
heart shape male , transversely oval female
B) Pelvic cavity —
small and deeper male, roomy and swallow female
C) Sacrum —
long and narrow male, short and wider female
D) Subpubic angle —
Male: narrow (50-60). Female: Wider (80-85)
State the segment of the spinal cord in which the umbilicus is supplies.
T10
Give two importance (anatomical and embryological) of the umbilicus on the anterior abdominal wall.
- It is the meeting point for the excretory, vascular and digestive system.
- It is the meeting point where the tributaries of the portal vein anastomose with systemic veins.
Give the innervation supplies of the skin of the anterior abdominal wall.
Lower 6 thoracic nerve and 1st lumbar nerve
State the blood supply of the anterior wall of the abdomen.
Anterior and lateral cutaneous arteries
Superficial inguinal arteries -
— superficial epigastric
— superficial circumflex iliac
— superficial external pudendal
Veins — same as arteries and superficial inguinal veins drain into great saphenous vein
Give the innervation supply of the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall.
Lower 6 thoracic nerve and 1st lumbar nerve.
Give the origins of the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall.
- External oblique — lower 8 ribs
- Internal oblique - inguinal ligament, iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia
- Transverse abdominis — inguinal ligament, iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia
- Rectus abdominis — pubic crest and anterior pubic ligament
Give the insertions of the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall.
- External oblique - xyphoid process, linea alba, pubic and iliac crest, pectineal line of pubis
- Internal oblique - lower 3-4 ribs and cartilage, 7th-9th ribs and muscles above ^
- Transverse abdominis - xiphoid process, linea alba, pubic crest and pectineal line of pubis.
- Rectus abdominis — 7th, 6th and 5th costal cartilage
The muscles of the anterior abdominal wall is significant for what actions?
Expulsion act
Forceful expiration act
Movement of the trunk
Support abdominal viscera
Give the attachment of the inguinal ligament.
- Fascia lata
- Internal oblique
- Transverse abdominis
- Cremaster muscle.
State the innervation supply and action of the cremaster muscles.
Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
Action - suspend and elevate testes.
Give the arterial supply (deep) of the anterior abdominal wall.
Superior and inferior epigastric
Musclophrenic
Deep circumflex iliac
Give the relations of the anterior wall of the inguinal canal.
Skin
Superficial fascia
External oblique
Internal oblique (lateral)
State the relations of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal.
fascia transversalis
Parietal peritoneum
Extraperitoneal tissue
Conjoint tendon
Inguinal ligament
What are the structures that pass through the inguinal canal?
Spermatic cord
Round ligament of uterus
Ilioinguinal nerve
What this the clinical significance of the inguinal canal.
Hernia. Two types:
A) External - protrusion of abdominal contents outside the wall
B) internal - protrusion of abdominal contents in the epiploic Foramen (internally)
List types of external hernia.
Umbilical
Paraumbilical
Lumbar
Epigastric
Inguinal
Femoral
