Anatomy - Bones & Muscles Of Neck

Question 1

Give the location of the hyoid bone.

Answer 1

Level of 3rd cervical vertebrae.

Question 2

The anterior surface of the hyoid bone gives insertion to what structures?

Answer 2

Geniohyoid and Mylohyoid

Question 3

The upper border of the hyoid bone gives insertion and attachment to what structures?

Answer 3

Genioglossus and hyoepiglottic ligament

Question 4

The lower border of the hyoid bone gives attachment to what structures?

Answer 4

Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid

Question 5

State the development of the hyoid bone.

Answer 5

2nd and 3rd branchial arches

2nd- lesser cornua and upper body
3rd - grater cornua and lower body

Question 6

Give 2 clinical significance of the hyoid bone.

Answer 6

1. Examination of hyoid bone gives indication of throttling or strangulation.
2. The greater cornua serves as a landmark for the location of the lingual artery

Question 7

State your typical and atypical vertebrae.

Answer 7

3-6 - typical
1,2,7 - atypical

Question 8

The foramen transversarium contains which structures?

Answer 8

Vertebral artery and vein
Branch of inferior cervical ganglia

Question 9

What is the name given to the anterior tubercle of C6 and what is its significance

Answer 9

Carotid tubercle.
Carotid artery compresses against it.

Question 10

What are some features of the 1st cervical vertebrae (atlas)?

Answer 10

Two transverse process
Two large lateral masses
Has a short anterior arch and long posterior arch
Ring shaped, no body or spine

Question 11

What are the attachments of the anterior arch of the atlas?

Answer 11

Anterior longitudinal ligament
Anterior Atlanta-occipital ligament

Question 12

Give the structure which the posterior arch of the atlas gives attachment to.

Answer 12

Ligamentum nuchae and flavum
Posterior Atlanto-occipital membrane

Note: groove by the vertebral artery and cervical nerve.

Question 13

List the category in which the following joints fall into:
A) Atlanto- occipital
B) atlanto- axial

Answer 13

Synovial joint for both.

Question 14

List the ligaments of the atlanto-occipital joint?

Answer 14

Posterior and anterior atlanto-occipital membrane.
Fibrous capsule

Question 15

Give the arterial supply and nerve supple of the atlanto-occipital joint.

Answer 15

Arterial - vertebral artery
Nerve - suboccipital nerve

Question 16

Describe the moment of the atlanto-occipital joint.

Answer 16

Flexion and extension (Nodding or Yes movement) - transverse axis
Slight lateral flexion - antero-posterior axis

Question 17

List the muscles involved in the flexion and extension of the atlanto-occipital joint.

Answer 17

Flexion - rectus capitis anterior and longus capitis.
Extension - rectus capitis posterior major and minor, oblique capitis superior, semi spinal capitis and splenius capitis

Question 18

List the muscles involved in the slight lateral flexion of the atlanto-occipital joint.

Answer 18

Semispinal capitis, splenius capitis, sternocleidomastoid, rectus capitis lateralis

Question 19

State the movement of the atlanto-axial joint.

Answer 19

Rotatory ligament (No movement)

Question 20

Give the ligaments of the lateral atlanto- axial joint and medial atlanto-axial.

Answer 20

Lateral - capsular ligament, anterior longitudinal ligament, ligamentum flavum

Medial - transverse ligament, capsular.m

Question 21

List the muscles involved in the rotatory movement of the atlanto-axial joint.

Answer 21

Obliquus capitis inferioris
Rectus capitis posterior major
Splenius capitis
Sternocleidomastoid

Question 22

The atlanto-axis joint is connected to the occipital bone via which ligaments?

Answer 22

Alar ligament
Apical
Membrana tectoria
Cruciate