Anatomy - Muscles And Bones Lower Limb Flashcards
A 45-year-old female presents with a noticeable drop of her left pelvis when asked to stand on her right leg. This finding is consistent with weakness of which of the following muscles and which nerve is most likely involved?
a) Gluteus maximus, inferior gluteal nerve
b) Gluteus medius and minimus, inferior gluteal nerve
c) Gluteus maximus, superior gluteal nerve
d) Gluteus medius and minimus, superior gluteal nerve
Gluteus medius and minimus, superior gluteal nerve
Which of the following structures does not pass through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to (below) the piriformis muscle?
a) Sciatic nerve
b) Inferior gluteal artery
c) Pudendal nerve
d) Superior gluteal nerve
Superior gluteal nerve
The primary action of the gluteus maximus muscle is extension of the hip joint. Which nerve provides the sole motor innervation to this muscle?
a) Sciatic nerve
b) Superior gluteal nerve
c) Inferior gluteal nerve
d) Nerve to quadratus femoris
Inferior gluteal nerve
A patient receives an intramuscular injection in the gluteal region. To minimize the risk of sciatic nerve injury, the injection should be administered in which quadrant?
a) Lower and medial
b) Lower and lateral
c) Upper and lateral
d) Upper and medial
Upper and lateral
Which of the following muscles is considered a key muscle of the gluteal region due to its role as a landmark for neurovascular structures?
a) Gluteus maximus
b) Gluteus medius
c) Piriformis
d) Obturator internus
Piriformis
List the muscles located in the Anterior compartment of the leg. Give its innervation supply.
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallicus longus
Nerve: Deep peroneal nerve
Give the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg. Classify which are superficial and deep and give its nerve supply.
Gastronemius
Soleus
Plantaris
_______________
Tibalis posterior
Popoletius
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallicus longus
Nerve: tibial nerve
Give the muscles of the lateral aspect of the leg. Give its nerve supply and function.
Pernous brevis and longus
Superficial peroneal nerve
Eversion of the foot
List your gluteal region muscles.
Gluteus Maximus, minimus, medius
Piriformis
Tensor fascia latae
Gemullus superior and inferior
Obtrutar internus and externus
Quadratus fermoris
What is the nerve supply of gluteal region muscles.
Gluteus Maximus - inferior gluteal nerve
Gluteus minimus and medius - superior gluteal nerve supply
Tensor fasciae latae - superior gluteal nerve
Piriformis - nerve to Piriformis
Gemullus superior - nerve to obturator internus
Gemullus inferior - nerve to quadratus femoris
Obtrutor internus - Obturator nerve
Obtrurator externus - obturator nerve
Quadratus femoris - femoral nerve
You are given a hip Bone. List the three parts of the hip bone. List some muscles that originate from the hip bone.
Ilium
Ichium
Pubis.
______________
Gluteus Maximus, minimus and medius
Tensor fasciae latae
Sartorius
Rectus femoris
Quadratus femoris
Obturator internus
Gemullus superior and inferior
The ischial tuberosity gives origin to which structures?
Biceps femoris (long head)
Semi tendinosus
Semi membranous
The body of the pubis of the hip bone gives attachment to which structures?
Adductor magnus, longus and brevis
Gracilis
Obturator externus
The femur bone is given. Give some characteristics of the femur bone.
Longest and strongest bone of the body
Forms hip joint - upper end
Forms knee joint - lower end
The femur bone is given and an x is placed at the greater trochanter. Which bones are attached here?
Gluteus Maximus, minimus, medius
Piriformis
Obturator externus and internus
Gemullus superior and inferior
The femur bone is given and an x is placed at the lesser trochanter. Which bones are attached here?
Psoas major and iliac muscles.
List some muscles attached to the femur (anterior, posterior and medial).
What is its nerve supply.
Anterior - rectus femoris, vastus medialis, lateralis, intermedialis. — Femoral nerve
Posterior - biceps femoris, semi tendinious, semimembranious - sciatic nerve
Medial - adductor magnus, longus brevis, gracilis, pectineus - obturator nerve
The femur bone is given and an X is placed at the lateral and medial epicondyle, which structures are attached here?
Lateral - fibular collateral ligaments
Medial - tibial collateral ligaments
An X is placed on the medial and lateral condyle of the femur bone, which muscles are attached here?
What is its nerve supply?
Lateral - Popliteus, gastronemius and plantaris
Medial - gastrocnemius
Nerve supply- Tibial nerve
The anterior and posterior cruciate ligament is attached to what structure on the femur bone?
Intercondylar fossa
Give the contents of the femoral triangle.
Femoral artery and branches
Femoral vein and branches
Femoral sheath
Femoral nerve
Nerve to pectineus
Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve
Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
Deep dorsal lymph nodes
Give the origin for the muscle of the anterior compartment of the thigh.
Satorius - anterior superior iliac spine
Rectus femoris - anterior superior iliac spine
Vastus intermedialis - anterior and lateral surface of shaft of femur
Vastus medialis - intertrochanter line
Vastus lateralis - intertrochanter line
Give the insertions for the muscle of the anterior compartment of the thigh.
Satorius - shaft of tibia
Rectus femoris - base of patella
Vastus intermedialis - base of patella
Vastus medialis - base and medial boarder of patella
Vastus lateralis - base of patella
State the actions and nerve supply of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh
Satorius - abductor and lateral rotator. Flexor of the leg at knee joint
Quadriceps femoris - extensor of the knee of knee joint
Nerve: Femoral Nerve
Give the contents of the adductor canal.
Femoral artery and vein
Saphenous nerve
2 branches of obturator nerve
Nerve to vastus medialis
The Satorius is pinned on the leg structure. What are some characteristics of this muscle?
Longest muscle of the body
Found in the anterior compartment of the thigh
Nerve - femoral nerve
Origin - anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion - shaft of tibia
Give the origins and insertions of the posterior compartment muscles of the thigh.
Semitendinous — ischial tuberosity — medial surface of tibia
Semimembranous — ischial tuberosity — medial condyle of tibia
Biceps femoris — ischial tuberosity — head of fibula
Ischial head of Adductor magnus — ischial tuberosity — gluteal tuberosity
The sciatic nerve is pinned. Give some characteristics of this structure.
Thickest nerve of the body
Supplies the posterior compartment of the thigh
Spinal cord - L4, L5, S1-3
Divides into tibial and common peroneal nerves
Give the origin and insertion for the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh.
Adductor brevis — body of pubis — linea aspea in the shaft of tibia
Adductor longus — body of pubis — lesser trochanter to linea aspera
Adductor magnus — ischial tuberosity — gluteal tuberosity
Gracilis — body of pubis — medial surface of tibia (behind Satorius, in front of semitendinous)
Pectineus — pectin body — lesser trochanter to linea aspea
Give the nerve supply and actions of the medial compartment muscles of the thigh.
Adductor brevis — adduction of thigh at hip joint
Adductor longus — adductor of thigh at hip joint
Adductor Magnus — adductor of thigh at hip joint
Gracilis — flexor and medial rotator of the thigh
Pectineus — adductor and flexor of thigh
NERVE: OBTURATOR NERVE (L2,L3,L4)
Give the arterial supply of the medial compartment of the thigh
Obturator artery (internal iliac branch)
Medial circumflex femoral artery (profundo femoral branch)
Give the origin of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg.
Tibilias anterior — lateral condyle of the tibia — medial cuneiform & base of the 1st metatarsal bone
Extensor digitorum longus — medial surface of the shaft of fibula — base of distal phalanges
Extensor hallicus longus — lateral condyle of the tibia — base of the distal and proximal phalanges
Perntneus teritus — medial surface of shaft of fibula
Extensor digitorum brevis
Paralysis of the muscle of the anterior compartment of the leg is due to injury of what nerve? What is the result of this?
Deep peroneal nerve and results in loss of function of Dorsiflexion
The condition foot drop is caused by which nerve?
Common peroneal nerve
Give the nerve supply and actions of the anterior compartment muscles of the leg.
Nerve- Deep perneoal nerve
Action - Dorsiflexion
Tibilias anterior - Dorsiflexion & Inversion
Give the arterial supply of the anterior compartment of the leg
Tibilias anterior artery
Give the origin and insertion of muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg
Peroneus longus — head of fibula — medial cuneiform and lateral surface of the base of 1st metatarsal bone
Peroneus brevis — lateral surface of shaft of fibula — base of the 5th metatarsal bone
Nerve supply and actions of peroneal muscles?
Superficial peroneal nerve
Action - Eversion of the foot
Give the origin and insertions for the muscles of the 1st and 2nd layers of the sole of the foot.
Abductor hallicus — calcaneum — base of the proximal phalanx of great toe
Abductor digi minimi — calcaneum - base of phalanges of 2-4
Flexor digitorum longus — calcaneum — base of proximal phalanx of little toe
Give the nerve supply and actions of the muscles of the 1st layer of the sole of foot.
Abductor hallicus — abductor of great toe
Flexor digitorum brevis — flexor of toes at interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints
Nerve for ^ : medial plantar nerve
_________________
Abductor digi minimi - Abductor of little toe
Nerve ^ : Lateral plantar nerve
State the arteries of the sole of the foot.
Medial and lateral plantar arteries
Plantar arch
What nerve is found in proximity of the saphaneous vein?
Sural nerve , sensation of the lateral aspect of the leg, foot, ankle
