Anatomy - Bones Of Upper Limb Flashcards
List some properties of the clavicle.
First bone to ossify
First long bone to ossify in the membrane
Only long bone which ossify with two primary centers
No medullary cavity
Describe the junction of the clavicle at which fractures commonly occur.
Medial 2/3 and lateral 1/3
When does ossification occur in the clavicle?
Primary center (shaft) - 5-6th week and fuse together 45th day
Secondary center (medial center) - 15-17th year and fuse together 21-22nd year
Describe winging of the scapula.
Condition where inquiry of the long thyroid nerve causes paralysis and weakness of the serratus anterior muscle.
List the common site of fractures in the humerus.
Surgical neck
Shaft
Supracondylar region
What nerves are affected by the fractures of the humerus?
Surgical neck - auxiliary nerve
Supracondylar region - median nerve
Discuss the 3 types of humerus fractures.
- Proximal - break at upper part humerus near shoulder
- Mid-shaft - break in the middle of humerus
- Distal - fracture at elbow
Give an example of the types of humerus fracture.
Distal humerus fracture - car accident, football tackle
Proximal or mid shaft fracture - breaking fall with outstretched arm
What conditions can cause pathological fractures?
Osteoporosis
Bone cancer
Bone tumor
Bone infection
List the muscles attached to the clavicle.
Trapezius (L)
Sternocleidomastoid (M)
Pectoralis major (M)
Deltoid muscle (L)
Subclavius (middle)
Sternohyoid (M)
List the ligaments attached to the clavicle.
Costoclavicular ligament
coracoclavicular ligament.
Interclavicular
Sternoclavicular
What is the joint that attaches both clavicles?
Sternoclavicular joint
The humerus articulates with which part of the scapula?
Glenoid fossa/ process
List the muscles attached to the scapula (ANTERIOR view)
TOSS-PCB
Omohyoid
Serratus anterior
Biceps brachii
Subscapularis
Coracobrachialis
Triceps brachii
Pectoralis minor
List the muscles attached to the scapula in its POSTERIOR view.
STILL- TR
Supraspinatus
Triceps brachii
Infraspinatus
Levator scapulae
Latissmis dorsi muscle
Teres minor and major
Rhomboid minor and major
What are the two tendons found on the humerus.
Common flexor and extensor
List the muscles attached to the humerus in its ANTERIOR view.
Supraspinatus
Subscapularis
Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Triceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis
Brachiradalis
Protonator tears
Latissmis dorsi
Teres major
Extensor carpi radialis longus
List the muscles attached to the humerus in its POSTERIOR view.
Triceps brachii
Brachialis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Deltoid
Anconeus
Discuss the ossification of the radius
Primary center- 8th week
Secondary center (lower) - 1st year and fuse 20th year
Secondary center (upper) - 4th year and fuse 18th
The radius is attach to the ulnar via which part?
Radial notch of ulnar
Discuss the muscles attached to the ulnar and radius.
Supinator
Pronator teres and quadratus
Flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus
Flexor (A) and extensor (P) pollicis longus
Abductor (P) pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor indicis
When and where does the radius get commonly fractured?
When - by fall on a outstretched hand
Where - 2cm above lower end
List your carpal bones.
She looks too pretty try to catch her
Scaphoid
Lunate
Trapezium
Pisiform
Trapezoid
Triquetrum
Capitate
Hamate
What is the end results of a fracture of the scaphoid bone?
Vascular necrosis
Discuss Bennett’s fracture.
Intra- articular fracture/ dislocation of base of 1st metacarpal
Discuss the formation of the shoulder joint.
Articulation of the scapula w/ the head of the humerus. (Glenohumeral articulation)
The stability of the shoulder joint is maintained by?
Coracoacrimial arch
Musclotendious cuff/ rotator cuff
Glenoidal labrum
List the ligaments of the shoulder joint.
The articular capsule
Glenohumeral ligament
Transverse humeral ligament
Coracohumeral ligament
Glenoidal labrum
The capsular ligament of the shoulder joint is reinforced by what structures?
Superior, middle and inferior Glenohumeral ligament
Give the components of the musclotendious/ rotator cuff and state its function.
Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Function? Give strength to the capsule of the shoulder joint all around except inferiorly.
At which region does dislocation commonly occur in the shoulder joint?
Inferiorly (abductor) due to lack of support
Give the blood supply of the shoulder joint.
Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral vessels
Suprascapular and subscapular vessels.
The nerve supply of the should joint involves?
Axillary nerve
Musclotendious nerve
Suprascapular nerve
List the muscles involves in flexion and extension movements of the shoulder joint.
Flex- deltoid (A) and Pectoralis major
Exten - deltoid (P) and Latissmus dorsi
List the muscles involves in adduction and abduction movements of the shoulder joint.
Adduction - P. Major, T. Major and latissmus dorsi
Abduction - deltoid (I) and Supraspinatus
List the muscles involves in the medial and lateral rotation movements of the shoulder joint.
Medial - P. Major, T. Major, Subscapularis, deltoid (A)
Lateral - Infraspinatus, T. Minor, deltoid (P)
What is frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis)?
Conditions resulting in stiff shoulders due to tendinitis in the musclotendious/ rotator cuff.
Discuss which structures articulate at the elbow joint.
Trochlea and capitulum of the humerus and trochlear notch of ulnar and head of radius.
State the other three articulations of the elbow joint.
Humeroradial articulation
Proximal radio ulnar articulation
Humeroulnar articulation
State the actions of the elbow joint (uni-axial) and what muscles are involved in these actions
Flexion - Brachialis, biceps brachii, brachioradialis
Extension - triceps and anconeus
Give the ligaments of the elbow joint
Fibrous capsule
Ulnar collateral (Medial)
Radial collateral (lateral)
Give the innervation supply of the elbow joint.
Ulnar, median, radial and Musclotendious nerve
Give the innervation supply of the radial ulnar joints.
Musclocutenous, median and radial nerves.
What actions does the radio- ulnar joint possess?
Supination and protonation
Give the nerve supply and actions for the wrist (radiocarpal) joint.
Innervation - anterior and posterior interosseous nerve
Actions:
Flexion, extension
Abduction, adduction
Circumduction
Give the innervation supply and actions of the carpometacarpal joints.
Nerve - anterior and posterior interosseous nerve and ulnar nerve
Action -
Extension, flexion
Adduction, abduction
Medial, lateral rotation
Circumduction
Give the innervation supply and actions of the metacarpophalangeal joints.
Nerve- median and ulnar nerves
Actions -
Flexion, extension
Adduction, abduction
Circumduction
Give the innervation supply and actions of the interphalangeal joints.
Nerve- ulnar and median
Action-
Flexion and extension
State the function of the acromioclavicular joint.
Allows you to raise your arm above our head
