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FM1010 > ANATOMY - Muscle > Flashcards

ANATOMY - Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

What is skeletal muscle composed of?

A

Mainly muscle tissue
Also
- connective tissue
- blood vessels
- nerves

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2
Q

What is the cell membrane of a muscle cell called?

A

Sarcolemma

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3
Q

What binds muscle fibres together?

A

Connective tissue sheaths

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4
Q

What is the name of the layer which surrounds the entire muscle?

A

Epimysium

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5
Q

What is the name of the layer which surrounds each fascicle of muscle fibres?

A

Perimysium

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6
Q

What is the name of the layer which surrounds each individual muscle fiber?

A

Endomysium

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7
Q

What is a fascicle?

A

Group of muscle fibres

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8
Q

What separates muscles groups?

A

Fascia

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9
Q

Is the origin or insertion of a muscle more moveable?

A

The insertion

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10
Q

What are the two types of muscle attachments ?

A
  1. Fleshy attachments
  2. Indirect attachments
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11
Q

Describe a fleshy muscle attachment

A

The connective tissue fibres which join muscle to bone are SHORT

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12
Q

Describe an indirect attachment of a muscle to bone?

A

The connective tissue fibres form a tendon or an aponeurosis

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13
Q

What does the organisation of muscle fibres affect?

A
  • power of contraction
  • range of contraction
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14
Q

Are fibres in a fascicle parallel to each other?

A

Yes

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15
Q

How can the arrangements of fascicles vary?

A
  • parallel
  • circular
  • pennate
  • convergent
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16
Q

Describe arrangement of fascicles in parallel muscles.

A

The fascicles run parallel to the long axis of the muscle

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17
Q

What happens when a parallel muscle contracts?

A

The muscle gets shorter and the diameter of the muscle body increases

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18
Q

What are the two types of parallel muscles?

A

Strap like eg SCM
Fusiform eg biceps brachii (thicker in centre than ends)

19
Q

Describe arrangement of a convergent muscle

A

The origin is broad and the fascicles converge towards the insertion

20
Q

Give example of convergent muscle

A

Pec major

21
Q

Describe pennate muscle structure

A
  • Large amount of short fibres in a small space
  • can have 1 or more tendons
  • the fascicles are oblique to the tendon
22
Q

What are the three types of pennate muscle?

A
  • unipennatee
  • bipennate
  • multi pennate
23
Q

Describe unipennate muscle

A

Fibres insert into one side of tendon

24
Q

Describe bipennate muscle

A

Fibres attach to both sides of tendon

25
Q

Describe multipennate muscle

A

Fascicels insert onto one large tendon from all sides e.g recuts femoris

26
Q

Describe the structure of a circular muscle

A
27
Q

What happens when a circular muscle contracts

A

The cavity closes

28
Q

Give example of a circular muscle

A

Sphincters e.g orbicularis oris

29
Q

How can muscle bellies be organised

A
  • 1 belly with tendon at either end
  • 2 bellies which attach to a single tendon at one end
  • many heads in series e.g digastric muscle
30
Q

What are tendons made of?

A

Collagen fibres surrounded by connective tissue

31
Q

Are tnedons innervated ?

A

Yes but only with sensory nerves.

32
Q

What is a sesamoid bone?

A

A bone located within a tendon

33
Q

What is a sesamoid fibrocartilage?

A

Cartilage in a tendon

34
Q

What is a bursa?

A

A sac containing synovial fluid

35
Q

What is the function of a bursa?

A

Distribute pressure and prevent friction

36
Q

What can happen if you have an infected bursa?/

A

Swelling

37
Q

What is a synovial sheath?

A

A sac containing synovial fluid which surrounds a tendon e.g synovial sheaths surrounding tendons in fingers

38
Q

Function of synovial sheath?

A

Protect against friction

39
Q

What can happen if a synovial sheath becomes infected?

A

There can be damage to the tendon which can immobilise the limb

40
Q

What is a prime mover/agonist

A

The main muscle for a movement

41
Q

What is an antagonistic muscle

A

Opposes / reverses a movement

42
Q

What is a synergist?

A

Helps the prime mover by ;
- adding extra force
- reducing undesirable movement

43
Q

What is a fixator?

A

A type of synergist which holds a bone firmly in place

44
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

A somatic motor nerve and all the muscle fibres innervated by it

FM1010 (11 decks)

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