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NEURO 230 > Anatomy Mini Lectures > Flashcards

Anatomy Mini Lectures Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous System

A

Complex network of specialized cells which transmits information all around the body using electrical signals (APs)

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2
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

Nerves outside of the CNS

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3
Q

What Protects the Brain?

A

The skull, and meninges (dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater)

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4
Q

Superior/Dorsal

A

Referring the top of the brain (and back-side of the brainstem)

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5
Q

Inferior/Ventral

A

Referring to the bottom of the brain (and front-facing side of the brainstem)

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6
Q

Anterior

A

Referring to the front of the brain

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7
Q

Posterior

A

Referring to the back of the brain

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8
Q

Rostral

A

Referring to the part of the brain facing the head

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9
Q

Caudal

A

Referring to the part of the brain facing the tail (brainstem/spinal cord is caudal)

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10
Q

Sagittal Cut

A

Diving the brain into the left and right hemispheres

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11
Q

Coronal Cut

A

Diving the brain into the front and back (slices like a loaf of bread; divides into rostral and caudal halves)

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12
Q

Horizontal Cut

A

Diving the brain into top and bottom (diving the top of the brain from the part connected to the brainstem)

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13
Q

Dura Mater

A

The tough outermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord (durable)

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14
Q

Arachnoid

A

Refers to the spider-like webbing of the blood vessels in the subarachnoid space. The subarachnoid space contains CSF

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15
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Receives sensory messages from the rest of the body and controls memory of objects and their uses

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15
Q

Pia Mater

A

“tender matter.” It is composed of delicate connective tissue and has many tiny blood vessels. The pia mater is the only layer that clings tightly to the brain and follows all of its convolutions. Cerebral arteries and veins travel in the subarachnoid space, completely enveloped by pia mater. Smallest layer closest to the brain

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16
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Thinking, planning, reasoning, (motor area within frontal love)

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17
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Controls hearing, speech, and memory

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17
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Sight; primary visual cortex

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18
Q

Gyri

A

Grooves (peaks) of the brain

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19
Q

Sulci

A

Shallow groove (valley) that surrounds a gyrus, contains blood vessels

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20
Q

Fissures

A

Large furrows that dive the brain into lobes, and also into two hemispheres as the medial longitudinal fissure does (deep sulci)

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21
Q

What causes the resistance when trying to pull apart the two hemispheres of the sheep brain?

A

The meninges form a tight-seal against the brain, so in trying to pull apart both sides you see the meninges tear slightly

22
Central Sulcus
Separates the frontal and parietal lobes
23
Cerebrum
All of the sulci and gyri, everything covering the brainstem
24
Lateral Fissure
the fissure separating the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes of the cerebrum.
25
Preoccipital Notch
Separates the temporal and occipital lobes
26
Parieto-Occipital Sulcus
Separates the parietal and occipital lobes
27
Superior Colliculi
Visual processing
28
Inferior Colliculi
Auditory and vestibular processing
29
Pineal Gland
Hormonal hub, produces melatonin, Descartes thought that's where the soul was
30
Tracts
Bundles of the axons in the central nervous system
30
Nerves
Bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system
31
Important Divisions in the ventral view
It is easy to see the divisions of the cerebrum, pons, medulla, and spinal cord
32
Medulla
Responsible for vital functions (usually autonomic) in the body (sneezing, coughing, vomiting); monitors fluids
33
Optic Chiasm
Point at which visual info crosses over to the contralateral side before entering the occipital lobe
33
Pons
Has nuclei important for sleeping, swallowing, bladder control, balance, and sleep
34
Hypothalamus
Coordinates both the autonomic nervous system and the activity of the pituitary, controlling body temperature, thirst, hunger, and other homeostatic systems. Is also involved in sleep and emotional activity. 4 F's: fighting, fleeing, feeding and mating
35
Ventricles
Hollowed out spaces filled with CSF which protects, feed, and removes waste from the brain
36
Ventricle Path
Anteriorly starting with 1 and 2 which lead into 3, leads into the cerebral aqueduct of sylvius which flows into 4, and fluid flows out of 4 via the central canal.
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Medial
Towards the center
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Lateral
Towards the edges
39
Singulate Gyrus
Emotion and attention
40
Lateral Ventricle
Contains choroid plexus that produces CSF
40
Septum Pellucidum
Separates left and right lateral ventricle
41
Fornix
Major axon projections from the hippocampus
42
Thalamus
Relay station for sensory input, except olfaction
43
Mammillary Bodies
Memories
44
Cerebral Aquaduct
Below superior and inferior colliculi, connections 3rd and 4th ventricles
45
Arbor Vitae
Major white matter tract that carries sensory and motor info to and from the cerebrum
46
Infundibulum
Funnel-shaped portion of the right ventricle that opens into the pulmonary artery
47
Trigeminal Nerve (CNV)
The part of the nervous system responsible for sending pain, touch and temperature sensations from your face to your brain
48
Abducens Nerve (CNVI)
One of the nerves responsible for the extraocular motor functions of the eye, along with the oculomotor nerve (CN III) and the trochlear nerve (CN IV)
49
Cingulate Gyrus
An arch-shaped convolution situated just above the corpus callosum. A component of the limbic system, it is involved in processing emotions and behavior regulation. It also helps to regulate autonomic motor function
50
Caudate Nucleus
The upper of the two gray nuclei of the corpus striatum in the cerebrum of the brain. Involved in planning movement, learning, memory, reward, motivation, emotion, and romantic interaction
51
Putamen
The outer part of the lentiform nucleus of the brain. Involved in learning and motor control, including speech articulation, language functions, reward, cognitive functioning, and addiction
52
Amygdala
Involved in emotion and memory

NEURO 230 (24 decks)

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