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General College Anatomy Lecture > Anatomy Lecture Deck 5 > Flashcards

Anatomy Lecture Deck 5 Flashcards

1
Q

T cells may attack blank cells or those infected by a blank

A

foreign, virus

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2
Q

T cells may stay on reserve only to become active if the blank reappears

A

pathogen

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3
Q

lymphocytes that are also derived directly from bone marrow and directly attack foreign cells

A

natural killer

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4
Q

reticular connective tissue is dominated by blank

A

lymphocytes

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5
Q

these are not organs but include mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

A

lymphoid nodules

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6
Q

MALT has blank lymph nodules

A

digestive

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7
Q

lymph nodes are not the same as blank

A

nodules

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8
Q

MALT that is positioned around the pharynx and remove pahtogens that enter via air or food

A

tonsils

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9
Q

three types of tonsils

A

pharyngeal, palatine, lingual

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10
Q

tonsil with one nodule in nasopharynx like adenoids

A

pharyngeal

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11
Q

tonsil with two nodules on the soft palate

A

palatine

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12
Q

tonsils with two nodules at the base of the tongue

A

lingual

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13
Q

MALT that line mucosa of the small intestine

A

aggregated lymphoid nodules

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14
Q

MALT that is a blind tube at the beginning of small intestine and is an area that is prone to infection

A

appendix

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15
Q

appendix infected is called blank and allows the intestinal blank to enter underlying tissue

A

appendicitis, flora

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16
Q

these are surrounded by a fibrous connective tissue capsule and include lymph nodes, thymus, spleen

A

lymph organs

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17
Q

lymph organs that are bean shaped and lie between several blank and one blank vessel

A

lymph nodes, afferent, efferent

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18
Q

indented region where blood vessels, nerves, and efferent lymph vessels connect in lymph nodes

A

hilum

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19
Q

lymph nodes have a blank which has a capsule which has blank that subdivide it

A

cortex, trabeculae

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20
Q

two regions of lymph node cortex

A

outer, inner

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21
Q

region of lymph node cortex that consists of aggregated B cells

A

outer

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22
Q

region of cortex of lymph node that has T cells that enter blood here

A

inner

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23
Q

lymph node part where B cells leave

A

medulla

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24
Q

three locations of lymph nodes

A

cervical, axillary, inguinal, pelvic, abdominal, thoracic

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25
Q

lymph organ on left side of stomach and is the largest lymphatic organ

A

spleen

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26
Q

spleen part that resembles a lymph node

A

white pulp

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27
Q

spleen part that has large amounts of red blood cells and sinuses, macrophages, and t/b cells

A

red pulp

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28
Q

spleen removes old blank and stores blank

A

red blood cell, iron

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29
Q

spleen initiates blank and is a blank reservoir

A

immune response, reservoir

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30
Q

spleen does red blood cell production in blank

A

fetus

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31
Q

lymphoid organ in the mediastinum and is the first lymph organ to develop

A

thymus

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32
Q

thymus grows until blank and shrinks with blank

A

puberty, age

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33
Q

two lobes of thymus

A

cortex, medulla

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34
Q

lobe of thymus with mostly immature T cells

A

cortex

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35
Q

thymus cortex produces mature blank

A

t cells

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36
Q

T cells mature and migrate into blank of thymus

A

medulla

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37
Q

T cells enter blood vessels and go into blank

A

circulation

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38
Q

thymus cells that produce thymosin and promote T cell blank

A

reticular cells, differentiation

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39
Q

lobe of thymus with mostly reticular epithelial cells

A

medulla

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40
Q

two parts of respiratory system

A

upper, lower

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41
Q

nose, nasal cavity, sinuses and pharynx make up this respiratory system

A

upper

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42
Q

larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli make up the blank

A

lower respiratory system

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43
Q

gas exchange surface

A

alveoli

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44
Q

lung is an extensive area for blank

A

gas exchange

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45
Q

respiratory produces blank

A

vocalization

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46
Q

respiratory system also helps with blank and blank

A

protection, regulation

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47
Q

increase the blank of the membrane to increase efficiency of membrane

A

surface area

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48
Q

decrease the blank of the membrane to increase efficiency of gas exchange

A

thickness

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49
Q

highly blank the respiratory membrane to maximize the concentration gradient to increase gas exchange efficiency

A

vascularize

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50
Q

gases exchange better with blank surfaces

A

moisture

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51
Q

two types of cartilage in nose

A

lateral nasal, major/minor alar

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52
Q

external nares are aka blank

A

nostrils

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53
Q

the nose encloses the nasal blank

A

vestibule

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54
Q

nasal vestibule is protected by blank and open into blank

A

hairs, nasal cavity

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55
Q

inside of nose is the blank

A

nasal vestibule

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56
Q

nasal vestibule is divided by blank

A

nasal septum

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57
Q

nasal cavity starts at nasal blank and ends at blank

A

vestibule, internal nares

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58
Q

nasal cavity is divided into two by the blank

A

nasal septum

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59
Q

nasal cavity is separated from oral cavity by blank and blank

A

hard palate, soft palate

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60
Q

hard palate is made of blank and blank

A

palatine, maxilla

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61
Q

nasal cavity has a blank membrane lining

A

mucus

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62
Q

superior region of the nasal cavity with areas of olfactory receptors

A

olfactory region

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63
Q

part of nasal cavity with three projections of bone on each side

A

conchae

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64
Q

ethmoid and inferior nasal concha bone make up the blank

A

conchae

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65
Q

grooves in between conchae are called blank

A

meatuses

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66
Q

conchae functions to blank out airborne particles

A

filter

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67
Q

conchae divides nasal cavity into blank

A

passages

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68
Q

conchae supports blank membranes

A

mucous

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69
Q

conchae increase blank and blank

A

surface area, turbulence

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70
Q

air filled sacs within cranial bones

A

sinuses

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71
Q

four sinuses

A

maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid

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72
Q

sinuses open into blank cavity

A

nasal

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73
Q

sinuses are lined with blank

A

mucous membranes

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74
Q

sinus functions to decrease blank of skull

A

weight

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75
Q

sinuses produce blank

A

mucus

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76
Q

throat is aka blank

A

pharynx

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77
Q

shared passageway for respiratory and digestive system

A

pharynx

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78
Q

pharynx above uvula and posterior to internal nares

A

nasopharynx

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79
Q

function of pharynx is a blank for food and air and is for blank production

A

passage, sound

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80
Q

two layers of respiratory tree

A

mucosa, submucosa

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81
Q

layer of respiratory tree that has goblet cells in pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

A

mucosa

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82
Q

layer of respiratory tree that has areolar connective tissue and serous and mucous glands

A

submucosa

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83
Q

there is blank cartilage and blank muscle in the respiratory tree

A

hyaline, trachealis

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84
Q

trachealis muscle is blank and longitudinal blank muscle

A

transverse, smooth

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85
Q

there is blank muscle as one moves closer to the lungs

A

more

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86
Q

enlargement in airway at top of trachea and below pharynx

A

larynx

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87
Q

larynx routes air and blank to proper blank

A

food, channels

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88
Q

larynx surrounds and protects blank

A

glottis

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89
Q

opening into larynx

A

glottis

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90
Q

larynx houses blank

A

vocal cords

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91
Q

composed of muscles and cartilage held together by elastic tissue

A

larynx

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92
Q

cartilage of larynx that is Adam’s apple

A

thyroid

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93
Q

larynx cartilage that supports epiglottis

A

cricoid

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94
Q

larynx cartilages that attach and control vocal cords

A

arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform

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95
Q

folds in mucous membrane

A

vocal cords

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96
Q

false vocal cords that create no sound and muscles help close larynx during swallowing

A

vestibular folds

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97
Q

true vocal cords that cause sound production

A

vocal folds

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98
Q

air pushed past vocal folds causes blank

A

vibration

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99
Q

pitch is controlled by changing tension of blank

A

cords

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100
Q

tight tension means blank pitch

A

high

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101
Q

more force of air means blank sound

A

louder

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102
Q

oral cavity, lips, and tongue change blank

A

sound

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103
Q

flexible tube that connects larynx with bronchi

A

trachea

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104
Q

the trachea has a blank which is a ciliated mucous membrane with goblet cells that beats continuously and expels mucous loaded with debris

A

Inner wall

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105
Q

function of trachea is to filter and direct incoming blank

A

air

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106
Q

trachea has cartilage blank that prevent collapsing

A

rings

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107
Q

these are formed by division of trachea

A

bronchi

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108
Q

bronchi are split at blank

A

carina

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109
Q

bronchi enter lungs at blank

A

hilus

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110
Q

bronchi subdivide into smaller and smaller blank

A

branches

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111
Q

divisions of bronchi

A

primary, secondary, tertiary, bronchioles

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112
Q

in bronchi there is a difference between blank

A

sides

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113
Q

this bronchus is wider, shorter, straighter, and divides into blank parts whereas blank only has blank

A

right, three, left, two

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114
Q

there are blank terminal bronchioles

A

6500

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115
Q

smooth muscle and little cartilage in bronchioles which causes blank and blank

A

bronchodilation, bronchoconstriction

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116
Q

terminal bronchioles branch into respiratory blank

A

lobules

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117
Q

there are fifty to eighty terminal branches per blank

A

lobule

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118
Q

these lead to alveolar sacs

A

alveolar ducts

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119
Q

these contain several alveoli

A

alveolar sacs

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120
Q

there are blank alveoli per lung

A

150 million

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121
Q

each alveoli is associated with a network of blank

A

capillaries

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122
Q

alveoli have an abundance of blank fibers

A

elastic

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123
Q

The trachea has 20 c shaped pieces of blank cartilage

A

Hyaline

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124
Q

alveolus consists of these cells which are a moist lining that aids in diffusion across respiratory membrane and made of simple squamous epithelium for gas exchange

A

pneumocyte type 1

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125
Q

alveolus consists of these cells which do not do gas exchange but secrete pulmonary blank

A

pneumocyte type 2, surfactant

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126
Q

pulmonary surfactant is a fluid with a lower blank force than water

A

cohesive

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127
Q

pulmonary surfactant has blank walls that dont stick to eachother

A

alveolar

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128
Q

pulmonary surfactant prevents blank of alveoli

A

collapse

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129
Q

alveolus contains these two connective tissues

A

fibroblasts, macrophages

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130
Q

these are in the thoracic cavity and are surrounded by two membranes

A

lungs

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131
Q

two membranes of lungs

A

visceral pleura, parietal pleura

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132
Q

the blank is in between the two pleura of lungs

A

pleural cavity

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133
Q

all vessels and bronchi enter here in lungs

A

hilus

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134
Q

left lung has blank lobes while right has blank

A

2, 3

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135
Q

lung lobes divide into blank

A

lobules

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136
Q

type of respiration with moving air in and out

A

pulmonary ventilation

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137
Q

type of respiration that is gas exchange

A

external respiration

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138
Q

type of respiration that is transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

respiratory transport

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139
Q

type of respiration that is gas exchange between blood and tissue

A

internal respiration

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140
Q

breathing works depending on the blank changes in the blank cavity

A

volume, thoracic

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141
Q

two phases of breathing

A

inspiration, expiration

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142
Q

volume changes lead to blank change in breathing

A

pressure

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143
Q

when pressure changes, gases flow to blank pressure

A

equalize

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144
Q

during inspiration, blank and blank muscles contract

A

external intercostal, diaphragm

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145
Q

on inspiration, this expands

A

thoracic cavity

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146
Q

on inspiration, pressure in the pleural cavity blank

A

decrease

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147
Q

on inspiration, air moves blank lungs to equalize pressure

A

into

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148
Q

a passive process where muscles relax and recoil shrinks thoracic cavity

A

expiration

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149
Q

during expiration, prussure blank in pleural cavity in lungs

A

increases

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150
Q

during this, internal intercostals, external obliques, and abdominal recti muscles contract

A

forced expiration

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151
Q

in expiration, air moves blank to equalize pressure

A

out

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152
Q

process whereby food is changed into a form that can be absorbed

A

digestion

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153
Q

production of ATP by body process

A

metabolism

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154
Q

digestive tract is aka the blank and includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, rectum, anus

A

alimentary canal

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155
Q

food enters via mouth

A

ingestio

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156
Q

squashing, tearing, crushin, mixing, churning of food

A

mechanical processing

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157
Q

chemical and enzymatic breakdown

A

digestion

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158
Q

four layers of digestive tract

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

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159
Q

inner most layer of digestive system with three layers

A

mucosa

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160
Q

three layers of mucosa

A

mucosal epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa

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161
Q

layer of mucosa that has blood vessels, sensory nerves, lymph vessels, and MALT

A

lamina propria

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162
Q

may have folds to increase surface area and may have glands layer of digestive system

A

mucosa

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163
Q

layer of digestive system including loose connective tissue, glands, blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves

A

submucosa

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164
Q

layer of digestive system with layers of visceral smooth muscle

A

muscularis

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165
Q

two layers of muscularis

A

inner (circular), outer (longitudinal)

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166
Q

serosa is aka blank

A

visceral peritoneum

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167
Q

serosa does not exist superior to diaphragm and there is blank instead

A

adventitia

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168
Q

serosa has blank and blank tissue

A

connective, epithelium

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169
Q

this propels bolus down the digestive tract

A

peristalsis

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170
Q

in peristalsis, blank muscles contract first which prevents bolus from moving back

A

circular muscles

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171
Q

no net movement in any particular direction and goal is to fragment bolus in this motor functino

A

segmentation

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172
Q

there is mostly blank muscle contractions in segmentation

A

circular

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173
Q

a series of membranes in the abdominal cavity

A

peritoneum

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174
Q

membrane of abdominal cavity that adheres directly to the internal organs

A

visceral

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175
Q

membrane of abdominal cavity that adheres to the abdominal wall

A

parietal

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176
Q

peritoneal membranes are blank with one another and there is a blank in between

A

continuous, cavity

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177
Q

sheets of peritoneum connected to organs and are an access route for vessels and nerves and stabilize position

A

mesenteries

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178
Q

connects the stomach to the liver

A

lesser omentum

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179
Q

this starts at the stomach descends inferior and then forms a pouch filled with adipose tissue that connects to the colon

A

greater omentum

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180
Q

part of peritoneum that attaches to the majority of the small intestine

A

mesentery proper

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181
Q

part of peritoneum that attaches to large intestine

A

mesocolon

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182
Q

mesentery proper and mesocolon both allow for nerves, blood vessels and lymphatics to connect to blank

A

intestines

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183
Q

lips are aka

A

labia

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184
Q

this is a part of the mouth that is everything enclosed by lips and cheeks

A

oral cavity

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185
Q

oral cavity is made of blank epithelium

A

stratified squamous

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186
Q

area of mouth between lips cheeks and teeth

A

vestibule

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187
Q

palatine bone on roof of mouth

A

hard palate

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188
Q

connective tissue extension of the palate

A

soft palate

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189
Q

this prevents food from going down prematurely

A

uvula

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190
Q

body of the tongue is made of blank muscle

A

skeletal

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191
Q

papillae of tongue house blank

A

taste buds

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192
Q

tongue part that is anchored to the hyoid

A

root

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193
Q

tongue part that is connected to floor of mouth

A

frenulum

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194
Q

mechanical breakdown by teeth

A

mastication

195
Q

cutting teeth

A

incisors

196
Q

tearing teeth

A

cuspids

197
Q

crushing and grinding teeth

A

bicuspids and molars

198
Q

exposed region of tooth covered in enamel

A

crown

199
Q

base within host bone of tooth

A

root

200
Q

boundary between root and crown of tooth

A

neck

201
Q

gums are blank

A

gingiva

202
Q

hardest substance in body made of calcium salts

A

enamel

203
Q

inner mineral matrix of tooth

A

dentin

204
Q

bone like material covering root of tooth

A

cementum

205
Q

this ligament anchors tooth

A

periodontal

206
Q

spongy area with vessels and known as the root canal

A

pulp cavity

207
Q

primary teeth are replaced with blank teeth

A

deciduous

208
Q

there are blank primary or deciduous teeth

A

20

209
Q

secondary or permanent teeth have blank bicuspids and blank molars

A

2, 3

210
Q

there are blank total secondary or permanent teeth

A

32

211
Q

movement through the pharynx is enabled by blank

A

swallowing

212
Q

swallowing is known as blank

A

deglutition

213
Q

there are blank stages of swallowing

A

3

214
Q

stage of swallowing that compresses bolus against hard palate, elevates soft palate, and tongue retracts

A

buccal phase

215
Q

passageway for food to stomach

A

esophagus

216
Q

esophagus penetrates diaphragm through esophageal blank

A

hiatus

217
Q

three layers of esophagus

A

mucosa, muscularis, adventitia

218
Q

layer of esophagus that is stratified squamous

A

mucosa

219
Q

this is for storage and mechanical breakdown and chemical breakdown of protein

A

stomach

220
Q

stomach delivers blank to small intestine

A

chyme

221
Q

there is little absorption of nutrients in the blank

A

stomach

222
Q

stomach shape has a lesser and greater blank

A

curvature

223
Q

region of stomach that meets esophagus

A

cardia

224
Q

mucosa of stomach is folded into blank for expansion during a full stomach

A

rugae

225
Q

three muscle layers are in the blank of stomach

A

muscularis

226
Q

outer layer of stomach

A

longitudinal

227
Q

middle layer of muscularis of stomach

A

circular

228
Q

inner layer of muscularis of stomach

A

oblique

229
Q

these make gastric juice and secrete them

A

gastric glands

230
Q

secretory cell in stomach that makes HCl and intrinsic factor

A

parietal cells

231
Q

secretory cell of stomach that makes pepsinogen

A

chief cells

232
Q

this breaks down proteins

A

pepsinogens

233
Q

secretory cells that secrete the hormone gastrin

A

enteroendocrine cells

234
Q

three regions of small intestine

A

duodenum, jejenum, ileum

235
Q

shortest length of small intestine

A

25 cm

236
Q

longest part of small intestine

A

ileum

237
Q

this completes digestion of chyme and receives secretions from pancreas and liver

A

small intestine

238
Q

three parts of small intestine to increase surface area

A

plicae circulares, intestinal villi, microvilli

239
Q

folds in lining of small intestine

A

plicae circulares

240
Q

fingerlike projections of mucosa in small intestine

A

intestinal villi

241
Q

fingerlike extensions of cell membranes in small intestines

A

microvilli

242
Q

dilated pouch like structure of large intestine

A

cecum

243
Q

narrow tube with closed end and hangs down from cecum in the large intestine

A

veriform appendix

244
Q

appendix has blank tissue but no blank function

A

lymphatic, digestion

245
Q

four regions of large intestine

A

ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

246
Q

large intestine part that follows curvature of sacrum and leads to anal canal

A

rectum

247
Q

large intestine part that is opening to outside guarded by two sphincters

A

anus

248
Q

internal sphincter of anus has blank muscle

A

smooth

249
Q

blank sphincter is made of skeletal muscle

A

external

250
Q

carbohydrate and lipid metabolism function and protein metabolism

A

liver

251
Q

liver filters blank and secretes blank

A

blood, bile

252
Q

liver converts blank and blank to fat

A

carbs, proteins

253
Q

liver is divided by blank

A

falciform ligament

254
Q

liver has a blank ligament which attaches liver to diaphragm

A

coronary

255
Q

functional unit of liver

A

hepatic lobules

256
Q

hepatic lobules are made of blank around central vein

A

hepatocytes

257
Q

hepatocytes produce blank

A

bile

258
Q

vascular channels of hepatic lobules that receive blood from portal veins

A

hepatic sinusoids

259
Q

fixed macrophages part of hepatic lobules

A

kupffer cells

260
Q

organ on inferior surface of liver

A

gallbladder

261
Q

gallbladder stores blank and releases it into blank

A

bile, duodenum

262
Q

pancreatic juice is produced by blank

A

pancreatic acini

263
Q

pancreatic juice is made of blank which is for starch and blank which is protein

A

pancreatic amylase, proteinases and trypsin

264
Q

urinary organ produces urine

A

kidney

265
Q

urinary organ that takes urine to bladder

A

ureter

266
Q

kidney is covered by these three things

A

renal capsule, renal fascia, perinephric adipose

267
Q

superficial structure of kidney that is penetrated by renal artery, vein, and ureter penetrate

A

hilus

268
Q

two layers of kidney

A

renal medulla, renal cortex

269
Q

outer granular layer of kidney

A

renal cortex

270
Q

renal papilla of renal pyramids empties into blank

A

minor calyces

271
Q

minor calyx empties into blank

A

major calyces

272
Q

major calyces empties into blank

A

renal pelvis

273
Q

renal pelvis turns into blank

A

ureter

274
Q

after going into glomerulus, blood in kidneys go to blank, then blank, then blank

A

efferent arterioles, peritubular capillaries, venules

275
Q

functional unit of the kidney and there are blank per kidney

A

nephron, 1 million

276
Q

nephrons are not blank if damages

A

replaced

277
Q

amount of functional nephron essential for survival

A

3-Jan

278
Q

two regions of nephron

A

renal corpuscle, renal tubule

279
Q

renal corpuscle is made of blank and blank

A

glomerulus and bowman’s capsule

280
Q

cluster of capillaries off afferent arteriole

A

glomerulus

281
Q

glomerulus has blank endothelium on capillaries

A

fenestrated

282
Q

two layers of renal corpuscle

A

visceral, parietal

283
Q

part of visceral layer that adheres to the glomerulus

A

podocytes

284
Q

podocytes are highly blank cells

A

branched

285
Q

branches of podocytes are called blank

A

pedicels

286
Q

outer wall of renal glomerular capsule

A

parietal layer

287
Q

the filtration of blood is aka blank

A

glomerular filtration

288
Q

plasma becomes blank in the capsule

A

filtrate

289
Q

continues from renal corpuscle

A

proximal convoluted tubule

290
Q

proximal convoluted tubule is made of blank epithelium with a brush border

A

cuboidal

291
Q

proximal convoluted tubule absorbs blank percent of filtrate

A

80

292
Q

proximal convoluted tubule only filters out blank nutrients and blank percent of essential ions

A

organic, 60

293
Q

this has a descending and ascending limb

A

loop of henle

294
Q

limb of loop of henle that is thin

A

descending

295
Q

limb of loop of henle that is thick

A

ascending

296
Q

renal tubule that is close to renal corpuscle

A

distal convoluted tubule

297
Q

distal convoluted tubule is for blank and blank

A

reabsorption, secretion

298
Q

blank is reabsorbed due to blank in distal convoluted tubule

A

Na+, aldosterone

299
Q

water is reabsorbed due to blank in distal convoluted tubule

A

ADH

300
Q

distal convoluted tubule secretes blank and blank

A

H+, K+

301
Q

distal convoluted tubule drains into blank tubules then collecting blank

A

collecting, ducts

302
Q

collecting ducts go to blank ducts then blank then blank then blank then blank

A

papillary, minor calyces, major calyces, renal pelvis, ureter

303
Q

final water adjustments are made in the blank and blank

A

distal convoluted tubule, collecting ducts

304
Q

if permeability of collecting system is low then there are blank amounts of blank urine and less blank presence

A

large, dilute, adh

305
Q

if permeability of collecting system is high then there are blank amounts of blank urine and more blank presence

A

smaller, concentrated, adh

306
Q

specialized cells that monitor ion concentration of distal convoluted tubule filtrate

A

macula densa

307
Q

juxtaglomerular complex is made of these two thigns

A

distal convoluted tubule, afferent arteriole

308
Q

these cells are in the afferent arteriole and are smooth muscle cells in arteriole wall

A

juxtaglomerular cells

309
Q

in the juxtaglomerular complex, when Na+ and Cl- is low then blank secretes blank

A

macula densa, renin

310
Q

these constrict the afferent arteriole to increase filtrate

A

juxtaglomerular cells

311
Q

two types of nephrons

A

cortical, juxtamedullary

312
Q

short nephron mainly in cortex and produces standard blank

A

cortical, urine

313
Q

nephron where corpuscles are in medulla and produces blank urine

A

juxtamedullary, concentrated

314
Q

glomerulus filters out blank liters per day of filtrate

A

180

315
Q

blank percent of water is reabsorbed and blank percent of filtrate enters renal pelvis

A

99, 1-5%

316
Q

four hormones that affect urine concentration

A

pth, aldosteroone, renin, adh

317
Q

hormone that increases calcium reabsorption

A

pth

318
Q

hormone that increases Na reabsorption and K excretion

A

aldosterone

319
Q

hormone that increases filtrate concentration

A

renin

320
Q

hormone that increases water reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

A

adh

321
Q

ureters are lined with blank

A

mucous membranes

322
Q

urine can blank but not leave through the opening flap of bladder

A

enter, leave

323
Q

hollow muscular sac that is behind the pubic symphis

A

bladder

324
Q

bladder is made of blank fibers, blank muscles and many blank when empty

A

elastic, involuntary, rugae

325
Q

in men the bladder is superior to blank

A

prostate

326
Q

in women, bladd is inferior to blank

A

uterus

327
Q

area at base of bladder bounded by openings of ureter and urethra

A

trigone

328
Q

these glands secrete mucous in urethra

A

urethral

329
Q

female urethra is blank than males

A

shorter

330
Q

release that is controlled by two sphincters and both sphincters must be open to urinate

A

micturition

331
Q

two sphincters of micturition

A

internal urethral, external urethral

332
Q

micturition sphincter that is involuntary

A

internal urethral

333
Q

micturition sphincter that is voluntary

A

external urethral

334
Q

loss of urine without voluntary control

A

incontinence

335
Q

micturition is the combination of blank and blank

A

reflex, urination

336
Q

this means joint

A

articulation

337
Q

this means upper arm

A

brachium

338
Q

this means lower arm

A

antebrachium

339
Q

this means rib

A

costa

340
Q

this means fibrous joint between flat bones of skull

A

suture

341
Q

bone marking that is rounded, a convex projection and takes part in joint formation

A

condyle

342
Q

bone marking that is shaped like a cone and is a site of muscle and/or ligament attachment

A

conoid

343
Q

bone marking that is hooked or curved and is a site of muscle and/or ligament attachment

A

coronoid

344
Q

bone marking that is the prominent narrow ridge of a bone and is a site of muscle and/or ligament attachment

A

crest

345
Q

bone marking that is an elevated area above a condyle and is a site of muscle and/or ligament attachment

A

epicondyle

346
Q

bone marking that is a sharp, slender process and is a site of muscle and/or ligament attachment

A

spine

347
Q

bone marking that is a large, irregularly shaped projection and is a site of muscle and/or ligament attachment

A

trochanter

348
Q

bone marking that is a small, rounded projection and is a site of muscle and/or ligament attachment

A

tubercle

349
Q

bone marking that is a large elevated, rounded projection with a roughened surface and is a site of muscle and/or ligament attachment

A

tuberosity

350
Q

bone marking that is a shallow depression and is a site of muscle and/or ligament attachment and takes part in joint formation

A

fossa

351
Q

bone marking that is a projection that usually articulates with bone it is named after and is a site of muscle and/or ligament attachment and takes part in joint formation

A

process

352
Q

bone marking that is flat, smooth articular surface and takes part in joint formation

A

facet

353
Q

bone marking that is a round expanded structure supported on neck and takes part in joint formation

A

head

354
Q

bone marking that is a narrow ridge of bone, less prominent than a crest

A

line

355
Q

bone marking that is an arm-like projection and takes part in joint formation

A

ramus

356
Q

bone marking that is needle-like

A

styloid

357
Q

bone marking that is an air-filled cavity within a bone

A

sinus

358
Q

bone marking that resembles a pulley and takes part in joint formation

A

trochlea

359
Q

bone marking that is narrow, usually long, and a slit-like opening and is a passageway for nerves, blood vessels or ducts

A

fissure

360
Q

bone marking that is round or oval opening through bone and is a passageway for nerves, blood vessels or ducts

A

foramen… pl. foramina

361
Q

bone marking that is a narrow channel and is a passageway for nerves, blood vessels or ducts

A

groove

362
Q

bone marking that is canal or tunnel like and is a passageway for nerves, blood vessels or ducts

A

meatus

363
Q

bone marking that is a groove or furrow and is a passageway for nerves, blood vessels or ducts

A

sulcus… pl. sulci

364
Q

Ribs numbers 1-7

A

Vertebrosternal

365
Q

Ribs 8-10

A

Vertebrochondral

366
Q

Ribs 11-12

A

Vertebral floating

367
Q

trick to remember carpals

A

to trick captain hook pan tried learning spanish

368
Q

singular of phalanges

A

phalanx

369
Q

the hip bone is called the

A

os coxa

370
Q

three bones that make up the os coxa

A

ilium, ischium, pubis

371
Q

trick to remember tarsals

A

cute timmy never could cooperate

372
Q

Three structural classifications of joints

A

fibrous, synovial, cartilaginous

373
Q

three fibrous joints

A

suture, gomphosis, syndesmosis

374
Q

six synovial joints

A

hinge, gliding, pivot, ellipsoidal, saddle, ball and socket

375
Q

a cartilaginous joint

A

symphysis

376
Q

joint with a fibrous connection plus extensive interlocking and no movement

A

suture

377
Q

fibrous joint with connections plus insertion in alveolar process and no movement

A

gomphosis

378
Q

fibrous joint with ligamentous connection and can move a little

A

syndesmosis

379
Q

cartilaginous joint with little movement and connection by a pad of fibrous cartilage

A

symphysis

380
Q

permits movement in one plane

A

monoaxial

381
Q

permits movement in two planes

A

biaxial

382
Q

permits movement in three planes

A

triaxial

383
Q

example is between the bones of the skull

A

fibrous suture

384
Q

example is periodontal ligaments between the teeth and jaws

A

fibrous gomphosis

385
Q

example is between the tibia and fibula

A

fibrous syndesmosis

386
Q

example is between right and left hip bones of pelvis; between adjacent vertebral bodies

A

cartilaginous symphysis

387
Q

example is elbow and ankle

A

synovial monoaxial

388
Q

example is ribs and wrist

A

biaxial

389
Q

example is shoulder and hip

A

triaxial

390
Q

means no movement

A

synarthrosis

391
Q

means little movement

A

amphiarthrosis

392
Q

means free movement

A

diarthrosis

393
Q

the temporomandibular joint is a blank and is formed by the blank and blank

A

hinge, condylar process, mandibular fossa

394
Q

the glenohumeral joint is a blank joint and is formed between the blank and blank

A

ball and socket, head of humerus, glenoid cavity of scapula

395
Q

the distal radioulnar joint is a blank and is formed by blank and blank

A

pivot, ulnar notch of radius, head of ulna

396
Q

the atlanto-occipital joint is a blank joint and is formed by blank and blank

A

condylar diarthrosis, superior articular facets of atlas, condyles of occipital

397
Q

the atlanto-axial joint is a blank joint formed by blank and blank

A

pivot, articular facet for dens, dens of axis

398
Q

the sacro-iliac joint is a blank joint formed by blank and blank

A

planar, auricular surface of ilium, articulating facets of sacrum

399
Q

talocrural joint is a blank joint and is formed by articulations of the blank, blank, and blank

A

hinge, tibia, fibula, talus

400
Q

acromioclavicular joint is a blank joint and is formed by the blank and blank

A

planar, facet of acromial end of the clavicle, acromion

401
Q

the proximal radioulnar joint is a blank and is formed by blank and blank

A

pivot, radial notch of ulna, head of radius

402
Q

iliopsoas group is made up of these muscles

A

iliacus, psoas major

403
Q

hamstrings are made of these muscles

A

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

404
Q

quadriceps are made of these muscles

A

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

405
Q

buccinator

A

origin, insertion, action

406
Q

buccinator

A

alveolar processes of maxilla/mandible, fibers of orbicularis oris, compresses cheeks

407
Q

mentalis

A

incisive fossa of of mandible, skin of chin, moves lower lip

408
Q

orbicularis oris

A

maxilla/mandible, lips, compresses lips

409
Q

risorius

A

fasica surrounding parotid salivary gland, angle of mouth, draws corner of mouth laterally

410
Q

orbicularis oculi

A

medial margin of orbit, skin around eyelids, closes eye

411
Q

frontal belly of occipitofrontalis

A

epicranial aponeurosis, skin of eyebrow/bridge of nose, raises eyebrows/wrinkles forehead

412
Q

occipital belly of occipitofrontalis

A

mastoid portion of temporal bone, epicranial aponeurosis, tenses/retracts scalp

413
Q

temporoparietalis

A

fascia around external ear, epicranial aponeurosis, tenses scalp/moes auricle of ear

414
Q

masseter

A

zygomatic arch, angle of mandibular ramus, elevates and closes jaws

415
Q

temporalis

A

temporal lines of skull, coronoid process of mandible, elevates and closes jaws

416
Q

digastric anterior belly

A

inferior surface of mandible, hyoid bone, opens mouth

417
Q

digastric posterior belly

A

mastoid region of temporal bone, hyoid bone, opens mouth

418
Q

geniohyoid

A

medial mandible surface, hyoid bone, opens mouth and retracts hyoid bone

419
Q

mylohyoid

A

mandible, connective tissue that runs to hyoid bone, opens mouth

420
Q

omohyoid

A

superior border of the scapula, hyoid bone, depresses hyoid

421
Q

sternohyoid

A

clavicle/manubrium, hyoid bone, depresses hyoid bone

422
Q

sternothyroid

A

dorsal surface of manubrium, thyroid cartilage of larynx, depresses hyoid bone

423
Q

stylohyoid

A

styloid process of temporal bone, hyoid bone, elevates larynx

424
Q

thyrohyoid

A

thyroid cartilage of larynx, hyoid bone, elevates larynx

425
Q

sternocleidomastoid clavicular head

A

sternal end of clavicle, mastoid region, bends neck toward shoulder

426
Q

sternocleidomastoid sternal head

A

manubrium, mastoid region, bends neck toward shoulder

427
Q

external intercostals

A

inferior border of each rib, superior border of more inferior rib, elevate ribs

428
Q

internal intercostals

A

superior border of each rib, inferior border of the more superior rib, depress ribs

429
Q

serratus posterior inferior

A

aponeurosis from spinous processes, inferior broder of ribs 9-12, pulls ribs outward opposing diaphragm

430
Q

external oblique

A

external and inferior border of ribs 5-12, external oblique aponeuroses, compresses abdomen

431
Q

internal oblique

A

throacolumbar fascia, inferior surfaces of ribs 9-12, compresses abdomen

432
Q

transversus abdominis

A

cartilages of ribs 6-12, linea alba/pubis, compresses abdomen

433
Q

diaphragm

A

xiphoid process, contral tendinous sheet, expands throacic cavity

434
Q

rectus abdominis

A

superior surface of pubis, xiphoid process, depresses ribs

435
Q

pectoralis minor

A

fascia covering external intercostal muscles, coracoid process of scapula, depresses/protracts shoulder

436
Q

rhomboid major

A

ligamentum nuchae, vertebral border of scapula, adducts and downward rotation of scapula

437
Q

rhomboid minor

A

spinous processes of vertebrae, vertebral border of scapula, adducts and downward rotation of scapula

438
Q

serratus anterior

A

anterior and superior margins of ribs, vertebral border of scapula, protracts shoulder

439
Q

subclavius

A

first rib, clavicle, depresses and protracts shoulder

440
Q

trapezius

A

occipital bone, clavicle/scapula, elevates scapula

441
Q

coracobrachialis

A

coracoid process, medial margin of humerus, adduction and flexion of shoulder

442
Q

deltoid

A

clavicle, deltoid tuberosity of humerus, abduction of shoulder

443
Q

supraspinatus

A

supraspinous fossa of scapula, greater tubercle of humerus, abduction of shoulder

444
Q

infraspinatus

A

infraspinous fossa of scapula, greater tubercle of humerus, lateral rotation of shoulder

445
Q

subscapularis

A

subscapular fossa of scapula, lesser tubercle of humerus, medial rotation of shoulder

446
Q

teres major

A

inferior angle of scapula, intertubercular sulcus of humerus, medial rotation of shoulder

447
Q

teres minor

A

lateral border of scapula, greater tubercle of humerus, lateral rotation of shoulder

448
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

thoracolumbar fascia, intertubercular suclus of humerus, medial rotation of shoulder

449
Q

pectoralis major

A

sternum, greater tubercle of humerus, medial rotation of shoulder

450
Q

biceps brachii short head

A

coracoid process, radial tuberosity, flexion of elbow

451
Q

biceps brachii long head

A

supraglenoid tubercle of scapula, radial tuberosity, flexion of elbow

452
Q

brachialis

A

distal half of humerus, ulnar tuberosity/coronoid process, flexion of elbow

453
Q

brachioradialis

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus, styloid process of radius, flexion of elbow

454
Q

anconeus

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus, olecranon, extension of elbow

455
Q

triceps brachii lateral head

A

Dorsal surface of humerus, olecranon of ulna, extension of elbow

456
Q

triceps brachii long head

A

infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, olecranon of ulna, extension of elbow

457
Q

triceps brachii medial head

A

posterior of humerus, olecranon of ulna, extension of elbow

458
Q

pronator teres

A

medial epicondyle of humerus, middle of radius, flexion at elbow

459
Q

supinator

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus, radius, supinates forearm and hand

460
Q

flexor carpi radialis

A

medial epicondyle of humerus, metacarpal bones, flexion/abduction of wrist

461
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris

A

medial epicondyle of humerus, pisiform/hamate, flexion/adduction of wrist

462
Q

palmaris longus

A

medial epicondyle of humerus, palmar aponeurosis, flexion of wrist

463
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus

A

lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus, second metacarpal, extension and abduction of wrist

464
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus, third metacarpal, extension and abduction of wrist

465
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus, fifth metacarpal, extension and adduction of wrist

466
Q

extensor digitorum

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus, posterior surfaces of phalanges, extension of finger joints and wrist

467
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis

A

medial epicondyle of humerus, middle phalanges, flexion of wrist

468
Q

flexor digitorum profundus

A

ulna, phalanges, flexion of wrist

469
Q

gluteus maximus

A

iliac crest, iliotibial tract, hip extension

470
Q

gluteus medius

A

iliac crest, greater trochanter of femur, medial rotation of hip

471
Q

gluetus minimus

A

ilium surface, greater trochanter of femur, medial rotation of hip

472
Q

tensor fasciae latae

A

iliac crest, iliotibial tract, medial rotation of hip

473
Q

piriformis

A

sacrum surface, greater trochanter of femur, lateral rotation of hip

474
Q

quadratus femoris

A

ischial tuberosity, femur, lateral rotation of hip

475
Q

adductor longus

A

pubic ramus, linea aspera of femur, medial rotation of hip

476
Q

gracilis

A

pubic ramus, tibia, medial rotation of knee

477
Q

iliacus

A

iliac fossa, distal femur, hip flexion

478
Q

biceps femoris

A

ischial tuberosity, head of fibula, knee flexion and hip extension

479
Q

semimembranosus

A

ischial tuberosity, medial condyle of tibia, flexion at knee and extension of hip

480
Q

semitendinosus

A

ischial tuberosity, tibial shaft, flexion of knee and hip extension

481
Q

sartorius

A

iliac spine, near tibial tuberosity, flexion at knee

482
Q

popliteus

A

lateral condyle of femur, tibial shaft, tibia rotation and knee flexion

483
Q

rectus femoris

A

iliac spine, tibial tuberosity, extension of knee and hip flexion

484
Q

vastus intermedius

A

surface of femur, tibial tuberosity, knee extension

General College Anatomy Lecture (6 decks)

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