Anatomy Lecture 10: Thigh and Femoral Triangle Flashcards
What are the borders of the Femoral Triangle?
Medial Border of Sartorius Muscle
Medial Border of Adductor Lungus Muscle
Inguinal Ligament (From ASIS to pubic tubercle)
What are the contents of the Femoral Triangle?
Lateral to Medial Femoral nerve (NOT in femoral sheath)
Femoral Artery (In the femoral sheath)
Femoral Vein (In the femoral sheath)
Lymphatics (In the femoral sheath)
What is contained on the floor of the femoral triangle?
Iliopsoas muscle
Pectineus muscle
Adductor longus muscle
What is the cutaneous innervation of the femoral triangle?
Femoral cutaneous nerves: Lateral, intermediate, medial, and posterior
Where does the adductor canal begin?
At the apex of the femoral triangle
What are the borders of the adductor canal?
Lateral: Vastus Medialis Muscle
Posterior: Adductor Longus and Magnus
Anteromedial: Satorius
What is contained in the adductor canal?
Saphenous nerve
Nerve to vastus medialis
The terminal part of the obturator nerve
Terminal parts of the femoral artery and vein
Deep Lymph vessels
Where is the opening for the great saphenous vein?
Cribriform fascia and fossa ovalis
What is the function of the saphenous vein?
Empties into the femoral vein and drains medial side of dorsal venous arch
Has 10-20 valves
What does the Lateral Cutaneous branch of T12 innervate?
Anterior Compartment of the thigh
What does the Genitofemoral nerve innervate?
Anterior Compartment of the thigh
What does the lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh innervate?
Anterior Compartment of the thigh
What does the anterior cutaneous branches of femoral nerve innervate?
Anterior Compartment of the thigh
What does the cutaneous branch of the obturator nerve innervate?
Anterior Compartment of the thigh
What muscles are part of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Iliopsoas
Sartorius
Pectineus
Quadriceps (Rectus femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Intermedius, and Vastus medialis)
What are the 4 components of the Quadriceps?
Rectus femoris,
Vastus Lateralis,
Vastus Intermedius,
and Vastus medialis
What is the origin and insertion of the iliopsoas?
Origin:
Illiacus portion from iliac fossa
Psoas major part: sides fo bodies of lumbar vertebrae and discs and transverse processes
Insertion: Lesser trochanter
What are the actions of the iliopsoas?
Flexes and INTERNALLY rotates hip
(Psoas major also extends and laterally bends lumbar vertebral column by revers action)
What innervates the Iliopsoas?
Iliacus via femoral nerve (L2-3)
Psoas Major Directly from L1-3
What is the origin and insertion of the sartorius?
Origin: ASIS
Insertion: Upper part of medial surface of tibia
What are the actions of the sartorius?
Flexes, abducts, and externally rotates the hip
Flexes and INTERNALLY rotates the knee
What innervates the Sartorius?
Femoral Nerve (L2-3)
What is the origin and insertion of the Pectineus?
Origin: Pectineal line of pubis (superior ramus)
Insertion: Upper Half of pectineal line of femur
What is the action of the pectineus?
Flexes, adducts, and internally rotates the hip
What innervates the pectineus?
Femoral nerve (L2-3)
What is the origin and insertion of the Rectus Femoris?
Part of the Quadriceps complex
Origin: AIIS and Posterosuperior aspect of rim of acetabulum
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon (ligament)
What is the action of the rectus femoris?
Extends knee and flexes hip
(Part of the quadriceps complex)
(Inserted into patellar tendon: Therefore extends the knee)
What is the innervation of the rectus femoris?
Femoral nerve (L2-4)
(part of quadriceps complex)
What is the Origin and Insertion of the Vastus lateralis?
Origin: Intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, upper part o flip of linea aspera and lateral intermuscular septum
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
(Part of quadriceps complex)
What is the action of the vasts lateralis?
Extends the knee
(Part of quadriceps complex)
(Inserted into the patellar tendon: Knee action)
What is the vastus lateralis innervated by?
Femoral Nerve (L2-4)
(Part of quadriceps complex)
What is the origin and insertion of the vastus medialis?
Origin: Intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter, medial lip of linea aspera, medial supracondylar line, and medial intermuscular spetum
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
(Part of quadriceps complex)
What is the action of the vastus medialis?
Extends the knee
(Part of quadriceps complex)
(Inserted onto the patellar tendon: Knee Action)
What is the innervation of the Vasus Medialis?
Femoral Nerve (L2-4)
(Part of quadriceps complex)
What is the Origin and Insertion of the Vasus Intermedius?
Origin: Upper 2/3 of femoral shaft and distal half of intermuscular septum; fuses with vastus lateralis and also takes origin from lateral lip of linea aspera
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
(Part of quadriceps complex)
What is the action of the Vastus Intermedius?
Extends knee
(Part of quadriceps complex)
(Inserted onto patellar tendon: Knee action)
What is the innervation of the vastus intermedius?
Femoral nerve (L2-4)
(Part of quadriceps complex)
Generalities:
What are the blood supply, innervation, and action of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
What muscles are part of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Blood supply: Femoral Artery
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Actions:
Hip Flexion: Rectus femoris and sartorius
Knee extension
Muscles:
Iliopsoas
Sartorius
Pectineus
Quadriceps (Rectus femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Intermedius, and Vastus medialis)
What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?
Gracilis
Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Magnus
Obturator externus
What is the blood supply, innervation and action of the medial compartment of the thigh?
Blood supply: Obturator artery (branch of the internal iliac artery)
Innervation: Obturator nerve and tibial nerve
(Tibial to hamstring portion of adductor magnus)
Action: Adduction
What is the origin and insertion of the gracilis?
Origin: Front of body of pubis and inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion: Upper part of medial surface of shaft of tibia
What is the action and innervation of the gracilis?
Action: Adducts hip, flexes knee, assists in internal rotation of tibia by femur
Innervation: Obturator nerve
What is the origin and insertion of the adductor longus?
Origin:
Crest and symphysis of pubis
Insertion:
Medial lip of linea aspera
What is the action and innervation of the adductor longus?
Action: Adducts, flexes, and externally rotates thigh
Innervation: Obturator nerve
What is the origin and insertion of the adductor brevis?
Origin:
Body and inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion:
Pectineal line of femur and upper part of linea aspera
What is the action and innervation of the adductor brevis?
Actions: Adducts, flexes, and internally rotates the hip
Innervation: Obturator nerve
What is the origin and insertion of the adductor magnus?
Origin:
Ischial tuberosity and ischiopubic ramus
Insertion:
Gluteal tuberosity, medial lip of linea aspera, medial supracondylar line and adductor tubercle
What is the action and innervation of the adductor magnus?
Action: Adducts hips; upper fibers flex and internally rotates hip
Lower fibers extend and externally rotates hip
Innervation: Anterior division of obturator nerve
AND
Tibial branch of sciatic nerve****
(Exception to the medial thigh muscles)
What is the Origin and Insertion of the obturator externus?
Origin: External surface of pubis and ischium along the margin of the obturator foramen and from the obturator membrane
Insertion: Trochanteric fossa
What is the action and innervation of the obturator externus?
Action: Externally rotates the hip
Innervation: Obturator nerve
What is the cutaneous innervation of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Lateral cutaneous branch of iliohypogastric nerve
Clunial nerves (Superior, Medial, and Inferior)
Cutaneous branches of the obturator nerve
Lateral and posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
Waht is the innervation, vascular supply, and action of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Innervation:
Common peroneal nerve (to biceps femoris brevis)
Tibial nerve
Vascular supply
Perforating arteries (FROM PROFUNDA FEMORIS)
Action
Hip extension
Knee Flexion
What are the muscles of the Posterior Compartment of the thigh?
Hamstrings
(Biceps femoris, Semimembranosus, and semiteninosus)
What is the origin and insertion of the biceps femoris (long head)?
Origin: Ischial tuberosity and lower part of sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: Lateral side of head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
What are the actions and innervations of the biceps femoris long head?
Action: Flexes knee and EXTERNALLY rotates the knee
Also extends the hip joint
Innervation: Tibial portion of sciatic nerve
What is the origin and insertion of biceps femoris short head?
Origin: Lateral lip of linea aspera; upper part of supracondylar line, and lateral intermuscular septum
Insertion: Lateral side of head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
What is the action and innervation of the biceps femoris short head?
Action: Flexes the knee and externally rotates the knee
Innervation: Common Peroneal portion of sciatic nerve
(***Exception to the innervation of the posterior thigh muscles: Possible test question)
What is the origin and insertion of the semimembranosus?
Origin: Ischial tuberosity and adjacent ischial ramus
Insertion: Posteromedial aspect of the medial tibial condyle
What are the actions and innervations of the semimembranosus?
Action: Flexes knee and tends to internally rotates it
Extends the hip
Innervation: Tibial portion of the sciatic nerve
What is the origin and insertion of the semitendinosus?
Origin: In common with long head of biceps longus from ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Upper part of medial surface of tibia
Action and Innervation of the semitendinosus?
Action: Flexes knee and tends to internally rotate it
Extends the hip
Innervation: Tibial portion of the sciatic nerve
