Anatomy Lecture 10: Thigh and Femoral Triangle Flashcards by Victor Phan | Brainscape

Q

What are the borders of the Femoral Triangle?

A

Medial Border of Sartorius Muscle

Medial Border of Adductor Lungus Muscle

Inguinal Ligament (From ASIS to pubic tubercle)

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Q

What are the contents of the Femoral Triangle?

A

Lateral to Medial Femoral nerve (NOT in femoral sheath)

Femoral Artery (In the femoral sheath)

Femoral Vein (In the femoral sheath)

Lymphatics (In the femoral sheath)

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Q

What is contained on the floor of the femoral triangle?

A

Iliopsoas muscle

Pectineus muscle

Adductor longus muscle

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Q

What is the cutaneous innervation of the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral cutaneous nerves: Lateral, intermediate, medial, and posterior

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Q

Where does the adductor canal begin?

A

At the apex of the femoral triangle

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Q

What are the borders of the adductor canal?

A

Lateral: Vastus Medialis Muscle

Posterior: Adductor Longus and Magnus

Anteromedial: Satorius

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Q

What is contained in the adductor canal?

A

Saphenous nerve

Nerve to vastus medialis

The terminal part of the obturator nerve

Terminal parts of the femoral artery and vein

Deep Lymph vessels

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Q

Where is the opening for the great saphenous vein?

A

Cribriform fascia and fossa ovalis

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Q

What is the function of the saphenous vein?

A

Empties into the femoral vein and drains medial side of dorsal venous arch

Has 10-20 valves

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Q

What does the Lateral Cutaneous branch of T12 innervate?

A

Anterior Compartment of the thigh

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Q

What does the Genitofemoral nerve innervate?

A

Anterior Compartment of the thigh

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Q

What does the lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh innervate?

A

Anterior Compartment of the thigh

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Q

What does the anterior cutaneous branches of femoral nerve innervate?

A

Anterior Compartment of the thigh

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Q

What does the cutaneous branch of the obturator nerve innervate?

A

Anterior Compartment of the thigh

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Q

What muscles are part of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Iliopsoas

Sartorius

Pectineus

Quadriceps (Rectus femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Intermedius, and Vastus medialis)

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Q

What are the 4 components of the Quadriceps?

A

Rectus femoris,

Vastus Lateralis,

Vastus Intermedius,

and Vastus medialis

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Q

What is the origin and insertion of the iliopsoas?

A

Origin:

Illiacus portion from iliac fossa

Psoas major part: sides fo bodies of lumbar vertebrae and discs and transverse processes

Insertion: Lesser trochanter

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Q

What are the actions of the iliopsoas?

A

Flexes and INTERNALLY rotates hip

(Psoas major also extends and laterally bends lumbar vertebral column by revers action)

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Q

What innervates the Iliopsoas?

A

Iliacus via femoral nerve (L2-3)

Psoas Major Directly from L1-3

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Q

What is the origin and insertion of the sartorius?

A

Origin: ASIS

Insertion: Upper part of medial surface of tibia

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Q

What are the actions of the sartorius?

A

Flexes, abducts, and externally rotates the hip

Flexes and INTERNALLY rotates the knee

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Q

What innervates the Sartorius?

A

Femoral Nerve (L2-3)

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Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Pectineus?

A

Origin: Pectineal line of pubis (superior ramus)

Insertion: Upper Half of pectineal line of femur

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Q

What is the action of the pectineus?

A

Flexes, adducts, and internally rotates the hip

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Q

What innervates the pectineus?

A

Femoral nerve (L2-3)

Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Rectus Femoris?

A

Part of the Quadriceps complex

Origin: AIIS and Posterosuperior aspect of rim of acetabulum

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon (ligament)

Q

What is the action of the rectus femoris?

A

Extends knee and flexes hip

(Part of the quadriceps complex)

(Inserted into patellar tendon: Therefore extends the knee)

Q

What is the innervation of the rectus femoris?

A

Femoral nerve (L2-4)

(part of quadriceps complex)

Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Vastus lateralis?

A

Origin: Intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, upper part o flip of linea aspera and lateral intermuscular septum

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon

(Part of quadriceps complex)

Q

What is the action of the vasts lateralis?

A

Extends the knee

(Part of quadriceps complex)

(Inserted into the patellar tendon: Knee action)

Q

What is the vastus lateralis innervated by?

A

Femoral Nerve (L2-4)

(Part of quadriceps complex)

Q

What is the origin and insertion of the vastus medialis?

A

Origin: Intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter, medial lip of linea aspera, medial supracondylar line, and medial intermuscular spetum

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon

(Part of quadriceps complex)

Q

What is the action of the vastus medialis?

A

Extends the knee

(Part of quadriceps complex)

(Inserted onto the patellar tendon: Knee Action)

Q

What is the innervation of the Vasus Medialis?

A

Femoral Nerve (L2-4)

(Part of quadriceps complex)

Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Vasus Intermedius?

A

Origin: Upper 2/3 of femoral shaft and distal half of intermuscular septum; fuses with vastus lateralis and also takes origin from lateral lip of linea aspera

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon

(Part of quadriceps complex)

Q

What is the action of the Vastus Intermedius?

A

Extends knee

(Part of quadriceps complex)

(Inserted onto patellar tendon: Knee action)

Q

What is the innervation of the vastus intermedius?

A

Femoral nerve (L2-4)

(Part of quadriceps complex)

Q

Generalities:

What are the blood supply, innervation, and action of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

What muscles are part of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Blood supply: Femoral Artery

Innervation: Femoral Nerve

Actions:

Hip Flexion: Rectus femoris and sartorius

Knee extension

Muscles:

Iliopsoas

Sartorius

Pectineus

Quadriceps (Rectus femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Intermedius, and Vastus medialis)

Q

What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Gracilis

Adductor Longus

Adductor Brevis

Adductor Magnus

Obturator externus

Q

What is the blood supply, innervation and action of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Blood supply: Obturator artery (branch of the internal iliac artery)

Innervation: Obturator nerve and tibial nerve

(Tibial to hamstring portion of adductor magnus)

Action: Adduction

Q

What is the origin and insertion of the gracilis?

A

Origin: Front of body of pubis and inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion: Upper part of medial surface of shaft of tibia

Q

What is the action and innervation of the gracilis?

A

Action: Adducts hip, flexes knee, assists in internal rotation of tibia by femur

Innervation: Obturator nerve

Q

What is the origin and insertion of the adductor longus?

A

Origin:

Crest and symphysis of pubis

Insertion:

Medial lip of linea aspera

Q

What is the action and innervation of the adductor longus?

A

Action: Adducts, flexes, and externally rotates thigh

Innervation: Obturator nerve

Q

What is the origin and insertion of the adductor brevis?

A

Origin:

Body and inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion:

Pectineal line of femur and upper part of linea aspera

Q

What is the action and innervation of the adductor brevis?

A

Actions: Adducts, flexes, and internally rotates the hip

Innervation: Obturator nerve

Q

What is the origin and insertion of the adductor magnus?

A

Origin:

Ischial tuberosity and ischiopubic ramus

Insertion:

Gluteal tuberosity, medial lip of linea aspera, medial supracondylar line and adductor tubercle

Q

What is the action and innervation of the adductor magnus?

A

Action: Adducts hips; upper fibers flex and internally rotates hip

Lower fibers extend and externally rotates hip

Innervation: Anterior division of obturator nerve

AND

Tibial branch of sciatic nerve****

(Exception to the medial thigh muscles)

Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the obturator externus?

A

Origin: External surface of pubis and ischium along the margin of the obturator foramen and from the obturator membrane

Insertion: Trochanteric fossa

Q

What is the action and innervation of the obturator externus?

A

Action: Externally rotates the hip

Innervation: Obturator nerve

Q

What is the cutaneous innervation of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Lateral cutaneous branch of iliohypogastric nerve

Clunial nerves (Superior, Medial, and Inferior)

Cutaneous branches of the obturator nerve

Lateral and posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

Q

Waht is the innervation, vascular supply, and action of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Innervation:

Common peroneal nerve (to biceps femoris brevis)

Tibial nerve

Vascular supply

Perforating arteries (FROM PROFUNDA FEMORIS)

Action

Hip extension

Knee Flexion

Q

What are the muscles of the Posterior Compartment of the thigh?

A

Hamstrings

(Biceps femoris, Semimembranosus, and semiteninosus)

Q

What is the origin and insertion of the biceps femoris (long head)?

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity and lower part of sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion: Lateral side of head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

Q

What are the actions and innervations of the biceps femoris long head?

A

Action: Flexes knee and EXTERNALLY rotates the knee

Also extends the hip joint

Innervation: Tibial portion of sciatic nerve

Q

What is the origin and insertion of biceps femoris short head?

A

Origin: Lateral lip of linea aspera; upper part of supracondylar line, and lateral intermuscular septum

Insertion: Lateral side of head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

Q

What is the action and innervation of the biceps femoris short head?

A

Action: Flexes the knee and externally rotates the knee

Innervation: Common Peroneal portion of sciatic nerve

(***Exception to the innervation of the posterior thigh muscles: Possible test question)

Q

What is the origin and insertion of the semimembranosus?

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity and adjacent ischial ramus

Insertion: Posteromedial aspect of the medial tibial condyle

Q

What are the actions and innervations of the semimembranosus?

A

Action: Flexes knee and tends to internally rotates it

Extends the hip

Innervation: Tibial portion of the sciatic nerve

Q

What is the origin and insertion of the semitendinosus?

A

Origin: In common with long head of biceps longus from ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Upper part of medial surface of tibia

Q

Action and Innervation of the semitendinosus?

A

Action: Flexes knee and tends to internally rotate it

Extends the hip

Innervation: Tibial portion of the sciatic nerve