Anatomy II Lecture 13: Ankle Complex Flashcards
What bones are part of the hindfoot?
Talus and Calcaneus
What bones are part of the midfoot?
Navicular, Cuboid, and Cuneiforms
What bones are part of the forefoot?
Metatarsals and phalanges
What joint is a synovial plane joint with a capsule?
Superior tibiofibular joint
What is the syndesmosis of the inferior tibiofibular joint?
Posterior tibiofibular ligament
Anterior tibiofibular ligament
Crural tibiofibular interosseous ligament
What is known as the ankle joint?
Hint it is the most congruent joint in the body
Talotibial (talocrural) joint
What joint is made up of the fibular malleolus, tibial malleolus, and the distal end of the tibia
Mortise part of the mortise and tenon joint
What joint is made up of the head of the talus
The tenon part of the mortise and tenon joint
What kind of joint is the talotibial joint
synovial hinge joint
What is the normal tibial torsion of the talotibial joint?
Toe out stance
What is the pathological stances in the talotibial joint?
external/internal tibial torsion
What is the shape of the talotibial joint?
Bracket shaped socket: A carpenter’s mortise joint
In the talotibial joint, what causes increased toe out?
Dorsiflexion
In the talotibial joint, what causes decreased toe out?
Plantarflexion
In what plane does plantarflexion and dorsiflexion of the foot happen?
Sagittal plane
What are the components of the medial collateral ankle ligaments?
Tibionavicular
Tibiocalcaneal
Anterior tibiotalar
Posterior tibiotalar
What are the components of the lateral collateral?
Anterior talofibular
Posterior talofibular
Cacaneofibular
Which of the collaterals is the weakest of them all?
Lateral collateral
What are the three surfaces of the talocalcneal (subtalar) joint?
Posterior: Concave facet on talus with convex facet of calcaneus
Anterior:
Convex facets on body and neck of talus
Concave facets on calcaneus
What nonsynovial structure is found in the talocalcaneal (subtalar) joint?
Tarsal Tunnel
Its ligament = talocalcaneal ligament
What movements can be made form the talocalcaneal (subtalar) joint?
Inversion: Adduction, Supination, plantar flexion
Eversion: Opposite of inversion
The interosseous talocalcaneal and posterior and lateral talocalcaneal ligaments are part of what joint?
Talocalcaneal (subtler) joint
What joints are part of the talocalcaneonavicular joint?
Talocalcaneeal joint and the talonavicular joint
What movements can be made by the talocalcaneonavicualr joint?
Inversion and eversion
What are the articulating bones of the calcaneocuboid joint?
Calcaneus and cuboid
What is the movement of the calcaneocuboid ligament?
Triplanar
What ligaments are in the calcaneocuboid joint?
Plantar calcaneocuboid and long plantar (most important)
What composite joint is made of the talonaviular and calcaneocuboid joints?
Transverse tarsal joint
What is the traditional link between the hindfoot and forefoot?
Transverse tarsal joint
What joint compensates forefoot for hindfoot eversion?
Hint: compensation is not possible when hindfoot is inverted
Transverse tarsal joint
What joint keeps distal foot inverted with lateral surface in contact with ground while hindfoot is everted?
Transverse tarsal joint
What is localized thickenings of anterior crural fascia?
Superior/inferior extensor retinacula
What binds down tendons of tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorm longus, and peroneus tertius?
Superior/inferior extensor retinacula
What binds down tendons of flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, and tibias posterior?
Flexor retinaculum
Note there are three here: Possible test Q?
What covers the flexor retinaculum?
Tibial nerve and posterior tibial artery
What binds down tendons of peroneus (fibularis) longus and the peroneus (fibularis) brevis?
Peroneal (fibular) retinaculum
Pathologies of the plantar arches: High arch vs flat arch
Pes Cavus vs Pes Planus
What is the primary support for the medial longitudinal plantar arch?
Plantar clacaneonevaicular (spring) ligament
What is the primary support for the lateral longitudinal plantar arch?
Long Plantar ligament
What are the support ligaments for abductors muscles?
Plantar aponeurosis
Plantar calcaneocuboid
Marginal abductors
What do the shapes of bone allow?
Allows for the shape of the plantar arches
Along with the peroneus longus
