Anatomy II Lecture 13: Ankle Complex

Question 1

What bones are part of the hindfoot?

Answer 1

Talus and Calcaneus

Question 2

What bones are part of the midfoot?

Answer 2

Navicular, Cuboid, and Cuneiforms

Question 3

What bones are part of the forefoot?

Answer 3

Metatarsals and phalanges

Question 4

What joint is a synovial plane joint with a capsule?

Answer 4

Superior tibiofibular joint

Question 5

What is the syndesmosis of the inferior tibiofibular joint?

Answer 5

Posterior tibiofibular ligament
Anterior tibiofibular ligament
Crural tibiofibular interosseous ligament

Question 6

What is known as the ankle joint?

Hint it is the most congruent joint in the body

Answer 6

Talotibial (talocrural) joint

Question 7

What joint is made up of the fibular malleolus, tibial malleolus, and the distal end of the tibia

Answer 7

Mortise part of the mortise and tenon joint

Question 8

What joint is made up of the head of the talus

Answer 8

The tenon part of the mortise and tenon joint

Question 9

What kind of joint is the talotibial joint

Answer 9

synovial hinge joint

Question 10

What is the normal tibial torsion of the talotibial joint?

Answer 10

Toe out stance

Question 11

What is the pathological stances in the talotibial joint?

Answer 11

external/internal tibial torsion

Question 12

What is the shape of the talotibial joint?

Answer 12

Bracket shaped socket: A carpenter’s mortise joint

Question 13

In the talotibial joint, what causes increased toe out?

Answer 13

Dorsiflexion

Question 14

In the talotibial joint, what causes decreased toe out?

Answer 14

Plantarflexion

Question 15

In what plane does plantarflexion and dorsiflexion of the foot happen?

Answer 15

Sagittal plane

Question 16

What are the components of the medial collateral ankle ligaments?

Answer 16

Tibionavicular
Tibiocalcaneal
Anterior tibiotalar
Posterior tibiotalar

Question 17

What are the components of the lateral collateral?

Answer 17

Anterior talofibular
Posterior talofibular
Cacaneofibular

Question 18

Which of the collaterals is the weakest of them all?

Answer 18

Lateral collateral

Question 19

What are the three surfaces of the talocalcneal (subtalar) joint?

Answer 19

Posterior: Concave facet on talus with convex facet of calcaneus
Anterior:
Convex facets on body and neck of talus
Concave facets on calcaneus

Question 20

What nonsynovial structure is found in the talocalcaneal (subtalar) joint?

Answer 20

Tarsal Tunnel

Its ligament = talocalcaneal ligament

Question 21

What movements can be made form the talocalcaneal (subtalar) joint?

Answer 21

Inversion: Adduction, Supination, plantar flexion
Eversion: Opposite of inversion

Question 22

The interosseous talocalcaneal and posterior and lateral talocalcaneal ligaments are part of what joint?

Answer 22

Talocalcaneal (subtler) joint

Question 23

What joints are part of the talocalcaneonavicular joint?

Answer 23

Talocalcaneeal joint and the talonavicular joint

Question 24

What movements can be made by the talocalcaneonavicualr joint?

Answer 24

Inversion and eversion

Question 25

What are the articulating bones of the calcaneocuboid joint?

Answer 25

Calcaneus and cuboid

Question 26

What is the movement of the calcaneocuboid ligament?

Answer 26

Triplanar

Question 27

What ligaments are in the calcaneocuboid joint?

Answer 27

Plantar calcaneocuboid and long plantar (most important)

Question 28

What composite joint is made of the talonaviular and calcaneocuboid joints?

Answer 28

Transverse tarsal joint

Question 29

What is the traditional link between the hindfoot and forefoot?

Answer 29

Transverse tarsal joint

Question 30

What joint compensates forefoot for hindfoot eversion? | Hint: compensation is not possible when hindfoot is inverted

Answer 30

Transverse tarsal joint

Question 31

What joint keeps distal foot inverted with lateral surface in contact with ground while hindfoot is everted?

Answer 31

Transverse tarsal joint

Question 32

What is localized thickenings of anterior crural fascia?

Answer 32

Superior/inferior extensor retinacula

Question 33

What binds down tendons of tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorm longus, and peroneus tertius?

Answer 33

Superior/inferior extensor retinacula

Question 34

What binds down tendons of flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, and tibias posterior?

Answer 34

Flexor retinaculum | Note there are three here: Possible test Q?

Question 35

What covers the flexor retinaculum?

Answer 35

Tibial nerve and posterior tibial artery

Question 36

What binds down tendons of peroneus (fibularis) longus and the peroneus (fibularis) brevis?

Answer 36

Peroneal (fibular) retinaculum

Question 37

Pathologies of the plantar arches: High arch vs flat arch

Answer 37

Pes Cavus vs Pes Planus

Question 38

What is the primary support for the medial longitudinal plantar arch?

Answer 38

Plantar clacaneonevaicular (spring) ligament

Question 39

What is the primary support for the lateral longitudinal plantar arch?

Answer 39

Long Plantar ligament

Question 40

What are the support ligaments for abductors muscles?

Answer 40

Plantar aponeurosis Plantar calcaneocuboid Marginal abductors

Question 41

What do the shapes of bone allow?

Answer 41

Allows for the shape of the plantar arches Along with the peroneus longus